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La diversidad fonémica apoya un modelo de efecto fundador en serie de la expansión de las lenguas desde África
1Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. q.atkinson@auckland.ac.nz
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 16, 2011
Resumen
La diversidad genética humana disminuye con la distancia de África debido a los efectos del fundador. Este estudio revela que la diversidad lingüística, específicamente el recuento de fonemas, sigue un patrón similar, apoyando un origen africano para las lenguas humanas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La lingüística es la lingüística de las lenguas.
- Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
- Genética de la población Genética de la población.
Sus antecedentes:
- La diversidad genética humana muestra un declive con la creciente distancia de África.
- Este patrón se atribuye a un efecto fundador en serie durante la migración humana.
- La evidencia emergente sugiere que procesos similares pueden dar forma a la diversidad cultural y lingüística.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la diversidad lingüística, específicamente el recuento de fonemas, sigue un modelo de efecto fundador en serie.
- Para determinar si la expansión del lenguaje humano se originó en África.
- Explorar mecanismos paralelos que influyen tanto en la diversidad genética como en la lingüística.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la diversidad fonémica en una muestra global de 504 idiomas.
- Modelado estadístico para probar el modelo de efecto fundador en serie con datos lingüísticos observados.
- Análisis de control para la historia demográfica reciente, la diversidad de lenguas locales y la no independencia de la familia de lenguas.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una disminución significativa en el número de fonemas, disminuyendo con la distancia desde África.
- El patrón observado de diversidad fonémica se ajusta fuertemente a un modelo de efecto fundador en serie originario de África.
- Este patrón lingüístico fue independiente de los factores demográficos recientes y las estructuras de la familia de lenguas.
Conclusiones:
- La diversidad lingüística, al igual que la diversidad genética, parece estar moldeada por los efectos de los fundadores en serie durante la expansión humana.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan un sólido apoyo a un origen africano de las lenguas humanas modernas.
- Esto sugiere que mecanismos evolutivos paralelos han influido tanto en los genes humanos como en los idiomas.
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