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El cruce de espín y el silicato rico en hierro se derriten en el manto profundo de la Tierra

Ryuichi Nomura¹, Haruka Ozawa, Shigehiko Tateno

¹Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

|April 26, 2011

Resumen

A presiones extremas en el manto profundo de la Tierra, los fundidos de silicato ricos en hierro se vuelven más densos que los sólidos. Esta inversión de densidad, impulsada por el cruce de espín del hierro, tiene profundas implicaciones para la evolución planetaria y las estructuras límite núcleo-manto.

Área de la Ciencia:

La geofísica es la geofísica.
Física de los minerales Física de los minerales
Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.

Sus antecedentes:

Los fundidos de silicato son generalmente menos densos que los sólidos.
Las altas presiones en los interiores planetarios pueden alterar la densidad de fusión en relación con los sólidos.
El enriquecimiento de hierro en fundidos a alta presión es un factor clave en las inversiones de densidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la partición del hierro entre los fundidos de silicato y los sólidos en todo el rango de presión del manto.
Para determinar la presión a la que los silicatos fundidos se vuelven más densos que los sólidos en el manto profundo de la Tierra.
Comprender las implicaciones de las fusiones densas para la evolución térmica y química de la Tierra.

Principales métodos:

Experimentos de alta presión para medir la partición del hierro entre la perovskita (Mg,Fe) y la fundición.
Análisis de los experimentos de ondas de choque.
Espectroscopia de emisión de rayos X en vidrio (Mg{0.95) Fe{0.05)) SiO{3) para sondear los estados de espín del hierro.

Principales resultados:

La partición del hierro muestra un cambio precipitado por encima de ~76 GPa, lo que lleva a un enriquecimiento significativo de hierro en los fundidos.
Un cruce de espín de hierro en la fusión de silicato alrededor de 70 GPa se identifica como la causa del cambio de partición observado.
El líquido de silicato se vuelve más denso que el sólido coexistente a aproximadamente 1.800 km de profundidad en el manto inferior.

Conclusiones:

Es probable que existieran fundidos de silicato densos en el manto profundo de la Tierra primitiva, formando potencialmente capas de hasta 1.000 km de espesor.
La cristalización fraccionada de estos fundidos densos podría explicar las estructuras observadas en el límite núcleo-manto.
Los hallazgos proporcionan un modelo unificador para los procesos profundos de la Tierra y las interacciones núcleo-manto.

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