Violencia y lesiones en Brasil: el efecto, el progreso logrado y los desafíos futuros
Michael Eduardo Reichenheim1, Edinilsa Ramos de Souza, Claudia Leite Moraes
1Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. michael@ims.uerj.br
Lancet (London, England)
|May 13, 2011
Resumen
La violencia, incluidos los homicidios y las lesiones de tráfico, sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en Brasil, que afecta desproporcionadamente a los hombres jóvenes y empobrecidos. Abordar estos desafíos requiere evaluar e integrar los avances legislativos y planes de acción exitosos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los homicidios y las lesiones relacionadas con el tráfico constituyen casi dos tercios de las muertes por causas externas en Brasil.
- La violencia doméstica contribuye significativamente a la morbilidad, aunque hay menos muertes.
- La violencia presenta costos individuales y colectivos sustanciales, con distintos grupos demográficos de víctimas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar el alcance y los determinantes de la mortalidad y la morbilidad relacionadas con la violencia en Brasil.
- Identificar perfiles clave de víctimas y perpetradores en la comunidad y la violencia doméstica.
- Evaluar las respuestas legislativas y del plan de acción de Brasil a la violencia y la prevención de lesiones.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de mortalidad y morbilidad relacionados con causas externas.
- Examen de las disparidades demográficas, socioeconómicas y regionales en la violencia.
- Revisión de los factores que contribuyen a la violencia, incluido el abuso de sustancias, la disponibilidad de armas de fuego y los sistemas de transporte.
Principales resultados:
- En 2007, las tasas de homicidio y mortalidad por tráfico fueron de 26.8 y 23.5 por cada 100.000, respectivamente.
- Los hombres jóvenes, negros y pobres son las principales víctimas / perpetradores de la violencia comunitaria; las mujeres y los niños negros pobres son las principales víctimas de la violencia doméstica.
- Los factores socioculturales, el abuso de alcohol / drogas, la disponibilidad de armas de fuego y la infraestructura de transporte inadecuada están relacionados con la violencia.
Conclusiones:
- Brasil ha hecho avances legislativos y planes de acción para combatir la violencia y las lesiones.
- La evaluación e integración de intervenciones exitosas es crucial para el progreso continuo.
- Se necesita un enfoque integral que aborde los determinantes socioculturales y las cuestiones sistémicas.
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