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Nueva vía para la asimilación del dimetilsulfoniopropionato extendido en las bacterias marinas
Chris R Reisch1, Melissa J Stoudemayer, Vanessa A Varaljay
1Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
Nature
|May 13, 2011
Resumen
Las bacterias marinas utilizan una nueva vía enzimática para procesar el dimetilsulfoniopropionato (DMSP), asimilando el metilmercaptopropionato (MMPA) y produciendo metanetiol (MeSH). Esta vía está muy extendida en el bacterioplancton oceánico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología microbiana marina ecología microbiana marina.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
- Enzimología Enzimología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El dimetilsulfoniopropionato (DMSP) es un compuesto clave de carbono y azufre en las aguas superficiales marinas, producido por el fitoplancton.
- Las bacterias marinas procesan DMSP a través de la desmetilación / desmetiolación, liberando metanetiol (MeSH) y asimilando azufre reducido.
- Las enzimas específicas y la vía bioquímica para la asimilación del metilmercaptopropionato (MMPA) permanecieron desconocidas durante más de dos décadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar la vía bioquímica y las enzimas responsables de la asimilación del metilmercaptopropionato (MMPA) a partir de la descomposición del DMSP.
- Para dilucidar los mecanismos microbianos de la reducción de la asimilación de azufre en los ambientes marinos.
Principales métodos:
- Reconstrucción de vías bioquímicas utilizando análisis genéticos y enzimáticos.
- Identificación de los nuevos derivados de la coenzima A (CoA): el 3-metilmercaptopropionil-CoA (MMPA-CoA) y el metiltioacriloil-CoA (MTA-CoA).
- Análisis genómico y metagenómico de cepas bacterianas (por ejemplo, Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, Pelagibacter ubique) y bacterioplancton marino.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron tres nuevas enzimas relacionadas con la β-oxidación de los ácidos grasos como la vía de asimilación del MMPA.
- La vía implica la formación de MMPA-CoA y MTA-CoA como intermediarios clave.
- La vía es esencial para la asimilación de MMPA y la producción de MeSH en Ruegeria pomeroyi y está muy extendida en el bacterioplancton marino.
Conclusiones:
- Una vía microbiana previamente desconocida que involucra enzimas de β-oxidación de ácidos grasos asimila el MMPA, un compuesto derivado del DMSP.
- Esta vía es crucial para la adquisición de azufre y carbono por los heterótrofos marinos.
- La vía identificada representa una ruta significativa para el ciclo reducido de azufre en las aguas superficiales del océano.
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