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Andreas Prokesch1, Mitchell A Lazar
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Cell
|May 14, 2011
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo método de secuenciación para observar los cambios en la síntesis de ARN después de la activación del receptor de estrógeno en las células de cáncer de mama. Esto hace un puente entre la transcriptómica y los estudios de elementos cis-reguladores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Investigación de Investigación del Cáncer.
Sus antecedentes:
- La señalización del receptor de estrógeno (ER) es crucial en el desarrollo y la progresión del cáncer de mama humano.
- Comprender los elementos de acción cis que regulan la expresión génica es vital para descifrar las respuestas celulares mediadas por ER.
- Los métodos existentes tienen limitaciones en el análisis integral de los cambios dinámicos en la síntesis de ARN.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los cambios en la síntesis de ARN tras la activación del receptor de estrógeno.
- Para cerrar la brecha entre la transcriptómica y la cistrómica.
- Proporcionar una visión sin precedentes de la dinámica de la síntesis de ARN en las células de cáncer de mama.
Principales métodos:
- Aplicación de técnicas de secuenciación de próxima generación.
- Análisis de la síntesis de ARN en células humanas de cáncer de mama.
- Centrarse en la activación de los receptores de estrógeno.
Principales resultados:
- Mapa detallado de los cambios en la síntesis de ARN.
- Conocimientos sin precedentes sobre la regulación cistrómica.
- Identificación de los eventos transcripcionales clave.
Conclusiones:
- La secuenciación de próxima generación proporciona una poderosa herramienta para estudiar la cistrómica.
- La activación del receptor de estrógeno induce cambios significativos en la síntesis de ARN.
- Este enfoque avanza en nuestra comprensión de la regulación génica en el cáncer de mama.
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01:08Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System
A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
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01:21Cell-surface Signaling
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
01:26Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action
Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
01:45Endocrine Signaling
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
01:45Endocrine Signaling
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
01:22Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
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