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Trastornos del juego Los trastornos del juego.

David C Hodgins¹, Jonathan N Stea, Jon E Grant

¹Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. dhodgins@ucalgary.ca

Lancet (London, England)

|May 24, 2011

Resumen

Los trastornos del juego, que afectan al 0,2-5,3% de los adultos en todo el mundo, se estudian cada vez más debido a la ampliación de las oportunidades. Los tratamientos efectivos incluyen terapia cognitivo-conductual e intervenciones farmacológicas, aunque la terapia familiar y Gamblers Anonymous requieren más investigación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología Clínica Psicología clínica.
La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

Los trastornos del juego, que abarcan el juego patológico y el problema, han ganado prominencia debido a la expansión global de las oportunidades de juego.
La mayor atención de los médicos e investigadores en las últimas tres décadas pone de relieve la creciente preocupación por la salud pública.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la prevalencia, las causas, las características asociadas, el cribado, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los trastornos del juego.
Para sintetizar los conocimientos actuales e identificar áreas para futuras investigaciones.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura y síntesis de la investigación existente sobre los trastornos del juego.
Análisis de los datos de prevalencia, factores etiológicos, criterios de diagnóstico y eficacia del tratamiento.

Principales resultados:

La prevalencia global de los trastornos del juego oscila entre el 0,2% y el 5,3% en adultos, con variaciones basadas en la metodología y la accesibilidad del juego.
La terapia cognitivo-conductual, los modelos breves de tratamiento y las intervenciones farmacológicas muestran una evaluación favorable.
Los trastornos del juego exhiben una alta comorbilidad con otros trastornos de salud mental y consumo de sustancias.

Conclusiones:

Se necesita más investigación para comprender las causas y las implicaciones del tratamiento de los trastornos del juego, particularmente con respecto a su alta comorbilidad.
Si bien algunos tratamientos están bien respaldados, la terapia familiar y los Jugadores Anónimos requieren más validación empírica.