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Discalculia: del cerebro a la educación
Brian Butterworth1, Sashank Varma, Diana Laurillard
1Centre for Educational Neuroscience and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK. b.butterworth@ucl.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 28, 2011
Resumen
Investigaciones recientes sugieren que la discalculia se deriva de un déficit central en la comprensión de conjuntos y cantidades numéricas. Las nuevas intervenciones dirigidas al procesamiento de la numeridad muestran la promesa de un apoyo educativo efectivo para los estudiantes con discalculia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia cognitiva y neurociencia cognitiva.
- Neurociencia del desarrollo neurológico.
- Psicología educativa Psicología educativa.
Sus antecedentes:
- La discalculia es una dificultad de aprendizaje que afecta las habilidades matemáticas.
- Un déficit central en la comprensión de conjuntos y cantidades numéricas es cada vez más reconocido como central para la discalculia.
- Las matemáticas elementales dependen en gran medida de la comprensión de la numerosidad fundamental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar el papel de la neurociencia cognitiva y del desarrollo en la comprensión de la discalculia.
- Investigar los fundamentos neuronales del procesamiento de la numeridad y su deterioro.
- Identificar y evaluar nuevas intervenciones basadas en la evidencia para los estudiantes con discalculia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios de neuroimagen estructural y funcional en adultos y niños.
- Identificación de marcadores neuronales asociados con el deterioro del procesamiento de la numeridad.
- Análisis de intervenciones emergentes, incluido el software adaptativo.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios de neuroimagen han aclarado las bases neuronales del procesamiento de la numeridad.
- Se han identificado marcadores neuronales específicos para la discalculia relacionados con los déficits de numeridad.
- El software adaptativo demuestra potencial para fortalecer las habilidades de numeridad.
Conclusiones:
- Un enfoque basado en la neurociencia ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre la discalculia.
- Dirigirse a los déficits de numeridad centrales es crucial para una intervención efectiva.
- Las herramientas educativas basadas en la evidencia, como el software adaptativo, pueden apoyar a los estudiantes con discalculia.
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