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Diferencias entre culturas estrictas y sueltas: un estudio de 33 naciones.

Michele J Gelfand¹, Jana L Raver, Lisa Nishii

¹Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. mgelfand@psyc.umd.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 28, 2011

Resumen

La rigidez cultural, definida por normas fuertes y baja tolerancia a las desviaciones, varía a nivel mundial. Este estudio explora sus determinantes a varios niveles, desde las amenazas ecológicas hasta la psicología individual, mejorando la comprensión intercultural.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología social Psicología social.
Psicología intercultural Psicología intercultural.
Sociología Sociología Sociología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las culturas exhiben variación en la fuerza de la norma social y la tolerancia para el comportamiento desviado, un concepto denominado tensión-flexibilidad cultural.
Comprender estas diferencias es crucial para navegar en un mundo cada vez más interconectado.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para ilustrar las diferencias entre las culturas apretadas y sueltas.
Para explorar el sistema multinivel subyacente a la tensión-flexibilidad cultural.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de datos de 33 naciones.
Examen de los factores ecológicos, históricos, institucionales, situacionales y psicológicos.

Principales resultados:

Identificó amenazas ecológicas e históricas distantes (por ejemplo, densidad de población, conflictos, enfermedades) como contribuyentes a la estrechez cultural.
Destacó el papel de las instituciones sociales (por ejemplo, la autocracia, las regulaciones de los medios de comunicación) y las situaciones cotidianas en la configuración de las normas.
Afordanzas psicológicas vinculadas a nivel micro (por ejemplo, auto-guías de prevención, fuerza regulatoria) a la rigidez cultural.

Conclusiones:

La tensión-desaflexión cultural es un fenómeno complejo y de varios niveles.
Los hallazgos avanzan en la comprensión intercultural y tienen implicaciones para modelar el cambio cultural.