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El significado termodinámico de la entropía negativa
Lídia del Rio1, Johan Aberg, Renato Renner
1Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. delrio@phys.ethz.ch
Nature
|June 4, 2011
Resumen
El principio de Landauer sobre el costo de la eliminación de datos se revisa para la información cuántica. El costo del trabajo de borrar datos depende del conocimiento cuántico de un observador, lo que potencialmente permite la extracción y enfriamiento del trabajo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La termodinámica es la termodinámica.
- Teoría de la información La teoría de la información es la teoría de la información.
- La mecánica cuántica es la mecánica cuántica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El calor generado por los cálculos dificulta la miniaturización del circuito.
- El principio de Landauer vincula el borrado de datos con un costo mínimo de trabajo y disipación de calor.
- La suposición de información clásica limita la comprensión actual de los costos de borrado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la validez del principio de Landauer con información cuántica.
- Para determinar el costo termodinámico de la eliminación de datos cuando se trata de información cuántica.
- Explorar las implicaciones de la información cuántica en la computación y la termodinámica.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis teórico del borrado de información en presencia de información cuántica.
- Descomposición de cálculos irreversibles en operaciones reversibles y borrado de datos.
- Investigación del entrelazamiento de la memoria cuántica con el sistema a borrar.
Principales resultados:
- El principio de Landauer estándar no es válido con la información cuántica.
- El costo de trabajo del borrado se determina por la entropía del sistema condicionada a la información cuántica del observador.
- Las entropias condicionales adquieren un significado termodinámico directo.
Conclusiones:
- El conocimiento del observador sobre un sistema reduce el costo de su eliminación.
- Las entropias condicionales negativas en el caso cuántico permiten la ganancia de trabajo y el enfriamiento ambiental durante el borrado.
- Proporciona nuevos límites en la generación de calor en las computaciones cuánticas.
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