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Carga mundial de enfermedades en jóvenes de 10 a 24 años: un análisis sistemático
Fiona M Gore1, Paul J N Bloem, George C Patton
1Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. goref@who.int
Lancet (London, England)
|June 10, 2011
Resumen
Los jóvenes de entre 10 y 24 años experimentan una carga global significativa de enfermedades, principalmente por trastornos y lesiones neuropsiquiátricas. El aumento de la atención a la salud pública es crucial para la prevención y la mejora de los resultados de salud de los adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud de los Adolescentes.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los jóvenes (10-24 años) constituyen el 27% de la población mundial.
- Problemas de salud significativos y factores de riesgo surgen durante la adolescencia, afectando la salud futura.
- La carga global específica de enfermedad para este grupo demográfico era previamente desconocida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la carga mundial de enfermedades en los jóvenes de entre 10 y 24 años.
- Identificar la contribución de varios factores de riesgo a esta carga.
- Informar las estrategias de salud pública para el bienestar de los adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del estudio de 2004 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre la Carga Global de Enfermedades.
- Años de vida estimados ajustados por discapacidad (DALY) por región de la OMS, sexo y grupos de edad de 5 años.
- Evaluación comparativa de riesgos empleada para determinar los DALY atribuibles a factores de riesgo específicos.
Principales resultados:
- Los jóvenes representaron aproximadamente 236 millones de incidentes DALY (15,5% del total).
- África exhibió las tasas más altas de DALY; los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, las lesiones no intencionales y las enfermedades infecciosas fueron las principales causas.
- Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen el consumo de alcohol, el sexo inseguro, la deficiencia de hierro y el uso de drogas ilícitas.
Conclusiones:
- La salud de los adolescentes a menudo se pasa por alto debido a la percepción de la juventud como un período saludable.
- Las oportunidades de prevención de enfermedades y lesiones en los jóvenes están subutilizadas.
- Se recomienda un mayor enfoque de salud pública en la salud de los adolescentes para mitigar la carga de la enfermedad.
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