Videos de Experimentos Relacionados
El microcrédito en teoría y en la práctica: el uso de puntuación de crédito aleatorizado para la evaluación de
1Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. dean.karlan@yale.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 11, 2011
Resumen
Los préstamos de microcrédito en Filipinas aumentaron el endeudamiento, pero redujeron la actividad empresarial y el bienestar. Si bien no impulsó el emprendimiento femenino como se esperaba, los microcréditos mejoraron la gestión de riesgos y los lazos comunitarios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía del desarrollo Economía del desarrollo.
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
- Alivio de la pobreza y reducción de la pobreza.
Sus antecedentes:
- El microcrédito es una herramienta global importante para la reducción de la pobreza, dirigida principalmente a las mujeres empresarias.
- Los defensores afirman que el microcrédito estimula el crecimiento de las empresas y mejora el bienestar del prestatario al abordar las fallas del mercado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Probar empíricamente los efectos hipotéticos del microcrédito en el crecimiento de las empresas, el bienestar y la pobreza.
- Investigar los canales específicos a través de los cuales el microcrédito afecta a los prestatarios en Filipinas.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorio (ECA) en el que participaron 1601 personas en Filipinas.
- Los micropréstamos de responsabilidad individual (promedio de $ 225) se asignaron a través de la puntuación de crédito, con resultados evaluados durante 11-22 meses.
Principales resultados:
- El endeudamiento neto aumentó significativamente en el grupo de tratamiento, lo que indica una demanda no satisfecha a una tasa de interés anualizada de ~ 60%.
- Las actividades empresariales y los niveles de empleo disminuyeron, y el bienestar subjetivo disminuyó ligeramente entre los prestatarios.
- Los efectos del tratamiento no fueron más pronunciados para las mujeres; sin embargo, los micropréstamos mejoraron el afrontamiento del riesgo, los lazos comunitarios y el acceso informal al crédito.
Conclusiones:
- El microcrédito en este contexto no estimuló el crecimiento o el bienestar de las empresas como sugieren los proponentes.
- Los beneficios del microcrédito pueden operar a través de mecanismos como la mejora de la gestión de riesgos y el capital social, en lugar de la expansión directa de los negocios.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:13Randomized Experiments
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
01:30Types of Impact
Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
The coefficient of restitution is a metric for understanding the dynamics of impacts. It quantifies the ratio of relative velocity...
The coefficient of restitution is a metric for understanding the dynamics of impacts. It quantifies the ratio of relative velocity...
01:20Study Designs in Epidemiology
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
01:24Bootstrapping
The term "bootstrap" originated in the 19th century as a metaphor for self-improvement or achieving something independently, without external assistance. This concept extends to statistical bootstrapping, a self-contained method for estimating population parameters through resampling, even though it can be computationally intensive. Developed by the American statistician Dr. Bradley Efron in 1979, bootstrapping provides a robust way to perform inference when the original sample size is small or...
01:17Cochran's Q Test
Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square distribution,...