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El crecimiento del agujero negro en el Universo temprano es autorregulado y en gran parte oculto a la vista
Ezequiel Treister1, Kevin Schawinski, Marta Volonteri
1Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. treister@ifa.hawaii.edu
Nature
|June 17, 2011
Resumen
El crecimiento temprano de agujeros negros masivos en las galaxias fue significativamente subestimado. Estos agujeros negros crecieron con sus galaxias anfitrionas, pero fueron oscurecidos por el gas y el polvo, lo que limitó su impacto en la reionización del Universo temprano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cosmología Cosmología.
- La astrofísica es la astrofísica.
- Evolución de la galaxia Evolución de la galaxia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La formación de los primeros objetos masivos, incluidos los agujeros negros, es crucial para comprender el Universo temprano.
- La observación directa de estos primeros objetos es un desafío, limitando nuestra comprensión de los canales de formación de agujeros negros.
- Los agujeros negros supermasivos observados en el Universo temprano proporcionan limitaciones limitadas en sus condiciones iniciales debido al rápido crecimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para medir el crecimiento de los agujeros negros en las galaxias en el corrimiento al rojo z = 6-8 (0,95-0,7 mil millones de años después del Big Bang).
- Para entender la co-evolución de los agujeros negros y sus galaxias anfitrionas desde las épocas cósmicas más tempranas.
- Evaluar la contribución del crecimiento temprano del agujero negro a la reionización del Universo.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó observaciones de rayos X de archivo, apiladas de manera óptima, para medir el crecimiento del agujero negro.
- Analizó las emisiones de rayos X para penetrar el gas y el oscurecimiento del polvo.
- Centrada en galaxias con desplazamiento al rojo z = 6-8, correspondiente al Universo temprano.
Principales resultados:
- Los agujeros negros crecen en tándem con sus galaxias anfitrionas desde los primeros tiempos cósmicos.
- La mayoría de los agujeros negros en acreción activa en estas épocas tempranas están fuertemente oscurecidos por el gas y el polvo.
- La emisión ultravioleta oscurecida de estos agujeros negros sugiere que no contribuyeron significativamente a la reionización del Universo.
Conclusiones:
- El crecimiento del agujero negro está intrínsecamente relacionado con la evolución de la galaxia desde las primeras etapas.
- Un crecimiento significativo de agujeros negros ocurrió en el Universo temprano, enmascarado por material oscurecedor.
- La re-ionización del Universo probablemente no fue impulsada por la emisión ultravioleta de estos primeros agujeros negros oscurecidos.
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