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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Published on: October 18, 2019

Silación y escisión de dinitrógeno con un complejo de hafnoceno.

Scott P Semproni1, Emil Lobkovsky, Paul J Chirik

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio demuestra la síntesis de formamida a partir de dinitrógeno, monóxido de carbono y un organosilano utilizando un complejo de hafnoceno. El proceso implica la silición, la escisión de enlaces N-N y la carbonilación, mostrando una nueva ruta hacia las moléculas orgánicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química organometálica Química orgánica de los metales.
  • Química Inorgánica La Química Inorgánica es la química inorgánica.
  • La catálisis es la catálisis.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La activación del dinitrógeno (N2) sigue siendo un desafío importante en la química.
  • Los complejos de hafnoceno ofrecen una reactividad única para la activación de moléculas pequeñas.
  • Los organosilanos son reactivos versátiles en la química sintética.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la silición de un complejo de dinitrógeno de hafnoceno.
  • Para explorar la escisión del ligando de dinitrógeno.
  • Para sintetizar moléculas orgánicas a partir de N2 y CO.

Principales métodos:

  • Sililación de un complejo de dinitrógeno de hafnoceno con CySiH3.3.
  • Activación térmica del intermediario sililado.
  • Carbonización del producto de escisión del dinitrógeno.
  • Trabajo ácido para obtener el producto orgánico final.

Principales resultados:

  • Formación de enlaces N-Si y Hf-H durante la silación.
  • La escisión de enlaces N-N desencadenada por la migración silílica al calentarse.
  • Síntesis de un ligando de μ-formamidida sin precedentes a través de la carbonilación.
  • Liberación de formamida después del tratamiento con HCl.

Conclusiones:

  • Demostró un método novedoso para la escisión y la funcionalización del nitrógeno dinitrógeno.
  • Con éxito sintetizó formamida a partir de moléculas pequeñas abundantes (N2, CO) y un organosilano.
  • Destaca el potencial de los complejos de hafnoceno en la síntesis sostenible.