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La variabilidad de la isla genómica facilita la coexistencia del virus del proclorococo.

Sarit Avrani1, Omri Wurtzel, Itai Sharon

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.

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PubMed
Resumen

Las cianobacterias marinas (Prochlorococcus) y sus virus coexisten a través de la resistencia del huésped. Las mutaciones en los genes de fijación viral en las islas genómicas crean diversidad, reduciendo las tasas de infección y permitiendo la supervivencia a largo plazo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología marina microbiología marina.
  • Virología Virología.
  • La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria y sus virus son abundantes en los océanos.
  • Los mecanismos de la coexistencia del virus huésped no se comprenden completamente.
  • La resistencia del huésped es un factor potencial en esta coexistencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las bases genómicas de la resistencia de Prochlorococcus a las infecciones virales.
  • Comprender cómo la resistencia viral afecta la evolución del genoma del huésped.
  • Elucidar los mecanismos genómicos que promueven la coexistencia a largo plazo entre el virus y el huésped.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis del genoma de 77 subtipos de Prochlorococcus seleccionados para la resistencia viral.
  • Secuenciación del genoma completo y detección por PCR.
  • Análisis de mutaciones en los genes de adherencia viral.

Principales resultados:

  • Se encontraron mutaciones que confieren resistencia en genes no conservados y transferidos horizontalmente en una isla genómica hipervariable.
  • Estas mutaciones afectaron el apego viral e impusieron un costo de aptitud en el huésped.
  • Se demostró que la presión viral mejora la diversidad de genes dentro de las islas genómicas.

Conclusiones:

  • Los genes de fijación viral se localizan preferentemente en islas genómicas.
  • Los virus actúan como una presión selectiva, impulsando la diversidad genómica.
  • Esta diversidad facilita la coexistencia a largo plazo de Prochlorococcus y sus virus al reducir el tamaño efectivo de la población huésped para virus específicos.