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La activación de genes dependientes del esquema y la codificación de la memoria en el neocórtex.

Dorothy Tse¹, Tomonori Takeuchi, Masaki Kakeyama

¹Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 9, 2011

Resumen

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El nuevo aprendizaje se integra rápidamente en el conocimiento existente, desafiando distintos sistemas de memoria rápida y lenta. Este estudio revela la consolidación rápida de la memoria de los sistemas que involucran la corteza prefrontal medial en ratas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
Investigación de la memoria Investigación de la memoria.

Sus antecedentes:

La nueva información se asimila a los esquemas de conocimiento existentes, ampliando la base de conocimientos.
La consolidación de la memoria de los sistemas es un proceso crucial para la formación de la memoria a largo plazo.
Investigaciones previas sugirieron distintos sistemas de aprendizaje rápido (hipocampo) y lento (cortical).

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la velocidad de consolidación de la memoria de los sistemas.
Explorar los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen a la asimilación de la memoria en los esquemas.
Desafiar el punto de vista tradicional de los sistemas de memoria rápidos y lentos separados.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó un modelo animal (ratas) para estudiar el aprendizaje y la memoria.
Examinó el aprendizaje dependiente del hipocampo de nuevos asociados emparejados.
Se midió la regulación al alza de los genes tempranos inmediatos en la corteza prefrontal medial.
Empleó intervenciones farmacológicas dirigidas a la corteza prefrontal medial.

Principales resultados:

El aprendizaje dependiente del hipocampo regula rápidamente los genes tempranos inmediatos en la corteza prefrontal medial prelimbica.
La alteración farmacológica de la corteza prefrontal medial afectó el nuevo aprendizaje y el recuerdo de la memoria.
La evidencia sugiere que la consolidación de la memoria de los sistemas puede ocurrir muy rápidamente.

Conclusiones:

La consolidación de la memoria de los sistemas puede ser notablemente rápida, contradiciendo distintos modelos de sistemas de aprendizaje rápido y lento.
La corteza prefrontal medial juega un papel crítico en la rápida asimilación de nueva información en los esquemas de memoria.
Estos hallazgos ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre la base neuronal de la consolidación de la memoria y la formación de esquemas.