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Vinculando el contexto con la recompensa: un circuito funcional desde el CA3 del hipocampo hasta el área tegmental

Alice H Luo¹, Pouya Tahsili-Fahadan, Roy A Wise

¹Behavioral Neuroscience Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. alice_luo@hotmail.com

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 19, 2011

Resumen

Una vía neural recientemente descubierta desde el hipocampo hasta el área tegmental ventral (VTA) ayuda a explicar cómo el contexto ambiental influye en los comportamientos de búsqueda de recompensas. Este circuito es crucial para las asociaciones aprendidas entre las señales y las recompensas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Neurociencia del comportamiento neurológico.
La neurobiología es la neurobiología.

Sus antecedentes:

La importancia aprendida de las señales ambientales tiene un profundo impacto en el comportamiento motivado por la recompensa.
Los circuitos neuronales específicos que subyacen a las asociaciones de recompensa-contexto permanecen en gran medida sin aclarar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar y caracterizar las vías neuronales que median la influencia del contexto ambiental en los comportamientos relacionados con la recompensa.
Investigar el papel del circuito del área tegmental hipocampo-ventral (VTA) en la regulación del comportamiento dirigido a objetivos basado en señales contextuales.

Principales métodos:

Registros electrofisiológicos en el VTA después de la estimulación del área del hipocampo CA3.
La inactivación de componentes específicos de la vía (septo lateral CA3-VTA) en vivo.
Evaluación de la restauración del comportamiento de búsqueda de cocaína mediada por estímulos contextuales.

Principales resultados:

Estimulación de las neuronas de dopamina (DA) excitadas CA3 del hipocampo y neuronas no DA inhibidas en el VTA, lo que sugiere un mecanismo desinhibidor.
La inactivación de la vía CA3-septum lateral (LS) -VTA abolió las respuestas evocadas de VTA y bloqueó el restablecimiento del comportamiento de búsqueda de cocaína inducido por señales contextuales.
Se identificó un circuito transsináptico directo desde el hipocampo dorsal (CA3) hasta el VTA, retransmitido a través del LS.

Conclusiones:

La vía CA3-LS-VTA identificada es un sustrato neuronal crítico a través del cual el contexto ambiental regula los comportamientos motivados por la recompensa y dirigidos a objetivos.
Esta vía demuestra cómo la información contextual procesada por el hipocampo puede modular la actividad de las neuronas de dopamina en el VTA.
Comprender este circuito proporciona información sobre las bases neurobiológicas de la adicción y los comportamientos motivados.

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