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La pérdida de carbono de un incendio forestal sin precedentes en la tundra del Ártico
Michelle C Mack1, M Syndonia Bret-Harte, Teresa N Hollingsworth
1Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. mcmack@ufl.edu
Nature
|July 29, 2011
Resumen
Los incendios de la tundra del Ártico liberan carbono significativo, lo que tiene un impacto en el balance global de carbono. El aumento de la frecuencia de incendios debido al cambio climático puede crear un bucle de retroalimentación positiva, compensando el ecologización del Ártico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos de la tundra ártica almacenan grandes cantidades de carbono antiguo.
- Históricamente, el fuego ha sido raro en la tundra ártica, pero está aumentando debido al calentamiento climático.
- El impacto de los incendios de la tundra en el balance de carbono es en gran medida desconocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la pérdida de carbono de un gran incendio en la tundra del Ártico.
- Para evaluar la importancia de esta pérdida en relación con el intercambio típico de carbono.
- Comprender las implicaciones para el presupuesto de carbono del Ártico y la retroalimentación climática.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la pérdida de carbono en los ecosistemas de la tundra después del incendio del río Anaktuvuk en 2007.
- Medición de la pérdida de carbono de la materia orgánica del suelo.
- Datación por radiocarbono del carbono residual del suelo para determinar la edad.
Principales resultados:
- El incendio del río Anaktuvuk resultó en una pérdida de carbono de 2,016 ± 435 g C m-2, dos órdenes de magnitud más altas que la tundra no perturbada.
- El sesenta por ciento de la pérdida de carbono fue de materia orgánica del suelo, con una edad máxima de 50 años.
- El fuego liberó aproximadamente 2,1 teragramas de carbono, comparable al sumidero anual de carbono de la tundra ártica.
Conclusiones:
- Los incendios de tundra causan una pérdida sustancial de carbono, principalmente de la materia orgánica del suelo reciente.
- El aumento de la frecuencia de los incendios en la tundra impulsado por el cambio climático representa una retroalimentación positiva significativa.
- Esta retroalimentación puede contrarrestar el ecologización del Ártico y alterar el equilibrio neto de carbono del bioma de la tundra.
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