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Respuesta a la dosis entre la actividad física y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria: un metanálisis
Jacob Sattelmair1, Jeremy Pertman, Eric L Ding
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. sattelmair@post.harvard.edu
Circulation
|August 4, 2011
Resumen
Participar en una actividad física regular reduce significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. Incluso las cantidades por debajo de las directrices recomendadas ofrecen beneficios, con más actividad proporcionando protección adicional, especialmente para las mujeres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Cardiovascular La salud cardiovascular.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las revisiones anteriores carecían de datos cuantitativos sobre la relación dosis-respuesta de la actividad física para la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (ECC).
- Anteriormente se utilizaron estimaciones cualitativas (bajas, moderadas, altas), lo que dificultaba el desarrollo de directrices precisas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la relación dosis-respuesta entre la actividad física y la prevención primaria de la enfermedad coronaria.
- Proporcionar datos basados en la evidencia que apoyen las directrices de actividad física existentes.
Principales métodos:
- Metaanálisis de datos agregados de estudios de cohorte prospectivos publicados desde 1995.
- La inclusión de 33 estudios después de seleccionar 3194 resúmenes.
- Utilizó efectos aleatorios generalizados de mínimos cuadrados modelos de spline para la estimación de tendencias.
Principales resultados:
- 150 minutos/semana de actividad física de intensidad moderada se asoció con un riesgo 14% menor de enfermedad coronaria.
- 300 minutos semanales de actividad física de intensidad moderada mostraron un riesgo 20% menor de enfermedad coronaria.
- Se observaron beneficios significativos incluso en niveles por debajo de la actividad mínima recomendada, con una asociación más fuerte en las mujeres.
Conclusiones:
- La evidencia cuantitativa apoya que cualquier actividad física es beneficiosa para reducir el riesgo de ECC.
- El aumento de los niveles de actividad física produce beneficios adicionales, alineándose con las directrices actuales de los Estados Unidos.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la actividad física para la salud cardiovascular, especialmente para las mujeres.
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