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La cantidad mínima de actividad física para reducir la mortalidad y prolongar la esperanza de vida: un estudio de
Chi Pang Wen1, Jackson Pui Man Wai, Min Kuang Tsai
1Institute of Population Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. cwengood@nhri.org.tw
Lancet (London, England)
|August 18, 2011
Resumen
Incluso 15 minutos de ejercicio diario pueden aumentar significativamente la esperanza de vida y reducir el riesgo de mortalidad. Esta actividad física de bajo volumen ofrece beneficios sustanciales para la salud de todos los adultos, incluidos aquellos con riesgos de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
Sus antecedentes:
- Beneficios establecidos de la actividad física en el tiempo libre.
- Incertidumbre con respecto a los beneficios para la salud de los volúmenes de ejercicio por debajo de los 150 minutos recomendados por semana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar los beneficios para la salud de varios volúmenes de actividad física.
- Para determinar el impacto del ejercicio de bajo volumen en la esperanza de vida en una población taiwanesa.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 416.175 personas taiwanesas (199.265 hombres, 216.910 mujeres) entre 1996 y 2008.
- Los participantes fueron categorizados en cinco grupos de volumen de ejercicio: inactivo, baja, media, alta o muy alta actividad.
- Análisis de los riesgos de mortalidad y de la esperanza de vida basado en las cantidades de ejercicio semanal autoinformadas.
Principales resultados:
- La actividad de bajo volumen (92 min/semana o 15 min/día) se asoció con un riesgo reducido del 14% de mortalidad por cualquier causa y una esperanza de vida 3 años mayor en comparación con los individuos inactivos.
- Cada 15 minutos adicionales de ejercicio diario redujeron aún más la mortalidad por todas las causas en un 4% y la mortalidad por todos los cánceres en un 1%.
- Beneficios observados en todos los grupos de edad, sexos e individuos con riesgos de enfermedad cardiovascular.
Conclusiones:
- Un mínimo de 15 minutos de ejercicio diario de intensidad moderada (90 minutos semanales) proporciona beneficios significativos para la salud.
- Este nivel de actividad física puede mejorar la esperanza de vida y reducir la mortalidad, incluso para aquellos con riesgos cardiovasculares.
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