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Promover el proceso de paz en Oriente Medio cambiando las creencias sobre la maleabilidad del grupo
Eran Halperin1, Alexandra G Russell, Kali H Trzesniewski
1Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya 46150, Israel.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 27, 2011
Resumen
Creer que los grupos pueden cambiar (naturaleza maleable) mejora las actitudes intergrupal y la voluntad de comprometerse por la paz. Este hallazgo es válido para los judíos israelíes, los ciudadanos palestinos de Israel y los palestinos de Cisjordania.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología social Psicología social.
- Estudios de la paz y los conflictos Estudios de la paz y los conflictos.
- Formación de la actitud.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las relaciones entre grupos a menudo se caracterizan por el conflicto y la falta de voluntad de compromiso.
- Las creencias sobre la naturaleza fundamental de los grupos (fijos vs maleables) pueden influir significativamente en la dinámica intergrupal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de las creencias de la naturaleza del grupo (flexible vs. fijo) en las actitudes intergrupo y la voluntad de comprometerse por la paz.
- Examinar estos efectos en diferentes poblaciones involucradas en el conflicto palestino-israelí.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron cuatro estudios, incluida una encuesta nacional de judíos israelíes (N = 500) y tres estudios experimentales.
- Las manipulaciones experimentales indujeron creencias sobre la maleabilidad del grupo frente a la fijación sin mención explícita del grupo externo.
- Los participantes incluyeron judíos israelíes (N=76), ciudadanos palestinos de Israel (N=59) y palestinos en Cisjordania (N=53).
Principales resultados:
- La creencia en la maleabilidad del grupo predijo positivamente las actitudes hacia el grupo externo (los palestinos) entre los judíos israelíes.
- Esta actitud positiva, a su vez, predijo una mayor disposición a comprometerse por la paz.
- La inducción experimental de creencias maleables, independientemente de la población, condujo a actitudes intergrupo más positivas y a una mayor voluntad de compromiso.
Conclusiones:
- Las creencias sobre la maleabilidad de la naturaleza grupal son un factor importante para fomentar actitudes positivas entre grupos y promover la paz.
- Dirigirse a estas creencias fundamentales ofrece una vía potencial para reducir el conflicto y fomentar el compromiso en disputas prolongadas entre grupos.
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