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La cobertura sanitaria universal japonesa: evolución, logros y desafíos
Naoki Ikegami1, Byung-Kwang Yoo, Hideki Hashimoto
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nikegami@a5.keio.jp
Lancet (London, England)
|September 3, 2011
Resumen
Japón Japón Japón Japón Japón.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Política de salud Política de salud
- Seguro Social El seguro social es el seguro social.
- Sistemas de atención médica Sistemas de atención médica
Sus antecedentes:
- Japón estableció sistemas de seguro de salud social basados en los empleados y en la comunidad.
- La cobertura universal de salud se buscó a través de estos diversos planes de seguro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las ventajas y limitaciones del modelo de seguro de salud social de Japón.
- Proporcionar información para los países que aspiran a la cobertura universal de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del sistema de cobertura universal de salud de Japón.
- Examen de las cuestiones de capital, contención de costos y cobertura.
- Revisión de las implicaciones políticas para futuras iniciativas de cobertura universal de salud.
Principales resultados:
- Se logró un seguro casi universal en 1961 con esquemas de tarifas equitativas y copagos.
- La fragmentación en 3500 planes creó disparidades de primas y una población emergente sin seguro.
- Las subvenciones y la subvención cruzada mantuvieron la equidad para las personas de bajos ingresos y los ancianos.
Conclusiones:
- Se recomienda la consolidación de planes de seguro dentro de las prefecturas para garantizar una cobertura universal y equitativa.
- La experiencia de Japón pone de relieve los desafíos de los sistemas de seguro de salud social fragmentados.
- Las lecciones aprendidas son cruciales para las naciones que desarrollan el empleo y la cobertura universal de salud basada en residencias.
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