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La vinculación de los patrones dietéticos a largo plazo con los enterotipos microbianos intestinales.

Gary D Wu¹, Jun Chen, Christian Hoffmann

¹Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu

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|September 3, 2011

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los enterotipos del microbioma intestinal están relacionados con la dieta a largo plazo. Mientras que los cambios en la dieta alteran rápidamente las bacterias intestinales, el enterotipo general permanece estable, lo que refleja los patrones dietéticos sostenidos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología Microbiología.
Salud de las personas Salud humana Salud humana Salud humana.
Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición

Sus antecedentes:

La dieta tiene un impacto significativo en la salud humana al influir en la composición del microbioma intestinal.
Las comunidades microbianas intestinales se pueden clasificar en enterotipos distintos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre los enterotipos intestinales y los hábitos alimenticios a largo plazo.
Para determinar el impacto a corto plazo de la dieta en la composición del microbioma y la estabilidad del enterotipo.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron inventarios dietéticos y secuenciación de 16S rDNA para analizar muestras fecales de 98 individuos.
Un estudio de alimentación controlada con 10 sujetos evaluó los cambios en el microbioma durante 10 días con diferentes dietas.

Principales resultados:

Las comunidades fecales se agrupan en enterotipos, definidos principalmente por los niveles de Bacteroides y Prevotella.
Los enterotipos mostraron fuertes correlaciones con las dietas a largo plazo: proteínas / grasas (Bacteroides) frente a carbohidratos (Prevotella).
La composición del microbioma cambió dentro de las 24 horas de los cambios en la dieta, pero la identidad del enterotipo se mantuvo estable durante 10 días.

Conclusiones:

El enterotipo intestinal está fuertemente asociado con los patrones dietéticos a largo plazo de un individuo.
Si bien los cambios dietéticos a corto plazo pueden alterar la composición del microbioma, no cambian fácilmente los enterotipos establecidos.