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Las células T que sintetizan acetilcolina transmiten señales neuronales en un circuito del nervio vago
Mauricio Rosas-Ballina1, Peder S Olofsson, Mahendar Ochani
1Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
Resumen
El nervio vago es el nervio
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neuroinmunología La neuroinmunología.
- El sistema nervioso autónomo.
- La inmunidad innata es la inmunidad innata.
Sus antecedentes:
- El reflejo inflamatorio, un circuito del nervio vago, suprime el factor de necrosis tumoral α para prevenir la inflamación.
- Este reflejo requiere la señalización de acetilcolina a través del receptor de acetilcolina nicotínico α7 en los macrófagos.
- Las fibras nerviosas del bazo carecen de enzimas productoras de acetilcolina, lo que plantea una pregunta sobre el mecanismo colinérgico del reflejo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el mecanismo por el cual el reflejo inflamatorio del nervio vago termina en la señalización colinérgica.
- Para identificar la fuente de acetilcolina involucrada en la supresión inmunológica mediada por el nervio vago.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó modelos de ratón para estudiar la regulación neural de la producción de citoquinas.
- Investigó el papel de las células T en el reflejo inflamatorio.
- Examinó la producción de acetilcolina y la señalización en el bazo durante la estimulación del nervio vago.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó una población específica de células T de fenotipo de memoria que producen acetilcolina.
- Se demostró que estas células T productoras de acetilcolina son esenciales para el reflejo inflamatorio.
- Se demostró que la estimulación del nervio vago regula estas células T para inhibir la producción de citoquinas.
Conclusiones:
- Los potenciales de acción en el nervio vago activan las células T para producir acetilcolina.
- Esta acetilcolina derivada de las células T es crucial para controlar las respuestas inmunes innatas a través del reflejo inflamatorio.
- Revela una nueva vía en la que el sistema nervioso modula la inmunidad a través de la señalización colinérgica mediada por células T.
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