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Ciclo del manto profundo de la corteza oceánica: evidencia de los diamantes y sus inclusiones minerales

M J Walter¹, S C Kohn, D Araujo

¹School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. m.j.walter@bristol.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 17, 2011

Resumen

La corteza oceánica subducida regresa del manto inferior, proporcionando la primera evidencia petrológica del ciclo profundo del carbono. Los diamantes superprofundos revelan la cristalización de basalto en condiciones del manto inferior, lo que confirma este proceso de reciclaje del manto.

Área de la Ciencia:

Geología Geología Geología.
La mineralogía es la Mineralogía.
La geoquímica es la geoquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

La tectónica de placas impulsa la subducción de la corteza oceánica en el manto.
La sismología y la geoquímica sugieren que la corteza oceánica alcanza el manto inferior y regresa al manto superior.
La evidencia petrológica directa para el retorno del manto inferior ha estado ausente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proporcionar evidencia petrológica directa para el retorno de la corteza oceánica subducida desde el manto inferior.
Para investigar la extensión del ciclo profundo del carbono.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de diamantes superprofundos de la kimberlita Juina-5, Brasil.
Examen de las inclusiones minerales dentro de los diamantes.
Análisis de isótopos de carbono de los huéspedes de diamantes.

Principales resultados:

Las inclusiones exhiben ensamblajes minerales consistentes con la cristalización del basalto bajo presiones y temperaturas más bajas del manto.
La mineralogía de inclusión indica la exhumación desde el manto inferior al superior.
Los huéspedes de diamantes muestran firmas de isótopos de carbono de carbono derivado de la superficie.

Conclusiones:

El ciclo profundo del carbono se extiende hasta el manto inferior.
La corteza oceánica subducida se recicla a través del manto inferior.
Los diamantes superprofundos sirven como muestras cruciales para estudiar los procesos del manto inferior.

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