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La compatibilidad con el asesino explica el surgimiento de hongos con deficiencia de ARNi
Ines A Drinnenberg1, Gerald R Fink, David P Bartel
1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 17, 2011
Resumen
La vía de la interferencia del ARN (RNAi)
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La micología de la micología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La vía de interferencia de ARN (RNAi) es un mecanismo de defensa conservado en eucariotas contra virus y transposones.
- RNAi está notablemente ausente en algunos linajes eucariotas, como Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Los virus asesinos de ARN de doble cadena (dsRNA) son comunes en los hongos y confieren beneficios como la producción de toxinas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la relación evolutiva entre la vía de RNAi y la presencia de virus asesinos de dsRNA en los hongos.
- Para entender por qué algunas especies de hongos carecen de la vía RNAi.
Principales métodos:
- Reconstitución de la vía de RNAi en Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Análisis comparativo de especies de hongos con y sin ARNi y virus asesinos.
Principales resultados:
- La reintroducción de RNAi en S. cerevisiae condujo a la pérdida de su beneficioso virus asesino de dsRNA.
- Se observó una fuerte correlación negativa entre la presencia de virus asesinos de RNAi y dsRNA en especies de hongos.
- Las especies de hongos que poseen virus asesinos consistentemente carecían de ARNi, mientras que las especies relacionadas con ARNi carecían de virus asesinos.
Conclusiones:
- Los virus asesinos de RNAi y dsRNA son incompatibles, probablemente debido a la interferencia viral con la maquinaria de RNAi.
- Los beneficios conferidos por los virus asesinos proporcionan una ventaja selectiva, lo que explica la persistencia evolutiva de los linajes fúngicos con deficiencia de ARNi.
- La ausencia de ARNi en ciertos hongos es una adaptación evolutiva para mantener las infecciones virales beneficiosas.
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