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Los estados de hambre cambian un circuito de memoria flip-flop a través de un bucle de retroalimentación positiva
Yunlei Yang1, Deniz Atasoy, Helen H Su
1Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Cell
|September 20, 2011
Resumen
Hormonas como la grelina y la leptina controlan el comportamiento de alimentación al alterar la plasticidad sináptica en las neuronas AGRP. Este estudio revela un mecanismo de memoria hormonal en el cerebro para los estados fisiológicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las señales hormonales coordinan la plasticidad sináptica a través de los tipos neuronales en respuesta a los cambios fisiológicos.
- Las neuronas del péptido relacionado con Agouti (AGRP) son reguladores clave del comportamiento de alimentación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para diseccionar los circuitos neuronales y las vías moleculares que controlan la plasticidad sináptica en las neuronas AGRP.
- Para entender cómo las hormonas regulan el comportamiento de alimentación a nivel sináptico.
Principales métodos:
- Electrofisiología específica para el tipo de célula.
- Técnicas farmacológicas y optogenéticas.
- Análisis de la plasticidad sináptica en las neuronas AGRP.
Principales resultados:
- La privación de alimentos aumenta la entrada sináptica excitatoria a las neuronas AGRP a través de un bucle de retroalimentación positiva que involucra a la proteína quinasa activada por AMP.
- La ghrelina potencia la liberación de glutamato, causando un aumento persistente en la actividad sináptica (histeresis).
- La leptina invierte esta actividad persistente, y la liberación de opioides de las neuronas del POMC está involucrada.
Conclusiones:
- Se propone un nuevo dispositivo de almacenamiento de memoria hormonal para el estado fisiológico, utilizando sinapsis bistables.
- La plasticidad sináptica en las neuronas AGRP está regulada dinámicamente por hormonas que señalan los niveles de energía.
- Este mecanismo proporciona información sobre cómo el cerebro mantiene la memoria del estado fisiológico.
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