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Dinámica de la rotación de lípidos adiposos humanos en la salud y enfermedades metabólicas
Peter Arner1, Samuel Bernard, Mehran Salehpour
1Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. peter.arner@ki.se
Nature
|September 28, 2011
Resumen
Las células grasas humanas renuevan los triglicéridos seis veces durante su vida útil de diez años. La rotación de lípidos se altera en la obesidad y la hiperlipidemia combinada familiar, ofreciendo nuevos objetivos para el tratamiento de enfermedades metabólicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología metabólica fisiología metabólica.
- El metabolismo de los lípidos humanos.
- Biología de los adipocitos.
Sus antecedentes:
- La regulación de la masa del tejido adiposo por el almacenamiento y la eliminación de triglicéridos es clave.
- La rotación de lípidos adiposos humanos en la salud y la enfermedad sigue siendo poco comprendida.
- Se necesitan métodos in vivo para evaluar la dinámica de los lípidos adiposos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la rotación de lípidos de los adipocitos humanos in vivo.
- Para determinar la relación entre la rotación de lípidos y la salud/patología metabólica.
- Para identificar la rotación de lípidos de los adipocitos como un objetivo terapéutico potencial.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó 14C de pruebas de bombas nucleares para determinar la edad de los lípidos de los adipocitos.
- Las tasas de renovación de triglicéridos medidas en los adipocitos humanos.
- La rotación de lípidos correlacionada con el índice de masa corporal y el estado de dislipidemia.
Principales resultados:
- Los adipocitos humanos renuevan los triglicéridos seis veces durante su vida útil de ~ 10 años.
- La rotación de lípidos es estable en todas las edades y géneros, independientemente del tamaño de los adipocitos.
- La obesidad muestra una disminución de la eliminación de triglicéridos y un aumento del almacenamiento; la hiperlipidemia combinada familiar muestra tasas reducidas para ambos.
- La eliminación de lípidos se correlaciona positivamente con la capacidad de lipólisis y inversamente con la resistencia a la insulina.
Conclusiones:
- La dinámica de la rotación lipídica de los adipocitos difiere significativamente en la obesidad y la dislipidemia.
- El alto almacenamiento / bajo retiro promueve la obesidad; el almacenamiento / retiro reducido promueve la dislipidemia.
- La rotación de lípidos de los adipocitos representa un nuevo objetivo terapéutico para las enfermedades metabólicas.
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