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Corredores de neuronas migratorias en el cerebro humano y su declive durante la infancia
Nader Sanai1, Thuhien Nguyen, Rebecca A Ihrie
1Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Nature
|October 4, 2011
Resumen
Los bebés humanos exhiben una neurogénesis robusta en la zona subventricular y la corriente migratoria rostral, con una nueva vía dirigida a la corteza prefrontal antes de disminuir en la edad adulta.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- Anatomía Humana La anatomía humana es la anatomía humana.
Sus antecedentes:
- La neurogénesis de la zona subventricular de los mamíferos (SVZ) suele apoyar el desarrollo del bulbo olfativo.
- La estructura de la SVZ humana difiere de la de otros mamíferos, con una controvertida función de células madre neurales in vivo.
- Estudios previos están en conflicto sobre la extensión de la ZVV humana y la proliferación y migración de la corriente migratoria rostral (RMS).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la presencia y el alcance de la migración de neuronas inmaduras en el SVZ y el RMS humanos.
- Para determinar la trayectoria de desarrollo de la neurogénesis SVZ humana.
- Para identificar los destinos de las neuronas recién generadas en el cerebro humano.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis histológico del tejido cerebral de bebés y niños.
- Inmunohistoquímica para identificar las neuronas inmaduras que migran.
- Rastrear las rutas migratorias dentro de las ZVS y RMS.
Principales resultados:
- Migración extensa de neuronas inmaduras en el SVZ humano y RMS antes de los 18 meses de edad.
- La actividad neurogénica disminuye significativamente en los niños mayores y está casi ausente en los adultos.
- Una ruta migratoria no descrita anteriormente se dirige a la corteza prefrontal humana, además del bulbo olfativo.
Conclusiones:
- La neurogénesis SVZ humana es robusta en la primera infancia, pero es transitoria.
- Una población significativa de neuronas inmaduras migra a la corteza prefrontal durante una ventana crítica de desarrollo temprano.
- Estas vías migratorias son objetivos potenciales para lesiones neurológicas neonatales.
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