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El éxito de la transmisión de un retrovirus depende de la microbiota comensal
Melissa Kane1, Laure K Case, Karyl Kopaskie
1Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 15, 2011
Resumen
El virus del tumor mamario del ratón (MMTV) utiliza bacterias intestinales para evadir las respuestas inmunes. Esta interacción, que involucra el lipopolisacárido bacteriano e IL-10, es crucial para establecer las infecciones virales crónicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- La investigación del microbioma en la investigación del microbioma.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus necesitan estrategias de evasión inmunológica para las infecciones crónicas.
- Los retrovirus como el MMTV se transmiten eficientemente a través de las superficies de la mucosa con microbiota.
- La microbiota huésped juega un papel en la patogénesis viral.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar cómo el virus del tumor mamario del ratón (MMTV) establece infecciones crónicas.
- Determinar el papel de la microbiota intestinal en la transmisión de MMTV y la evasión inmune.
Principales métodos:
- Estudiar la transmisión de MMTV en ratones recién nacidos con y sin microbiota intestinal.
- Utilizando el tratamiento con antibióticos y modelos de ratones libres de gérmenes.
- Analizando las vías de señalización del receptor tipo Toll 4 (TLR4) y de la interleucina-6 (IL-6).
- La medición de la inducción de la interleucina-10 (IL-10).
Principales resultados:
- La MMTV ingerida indujo una falta de respuesta inmune a los antígenos virales en ratones.
- La microbiota intestinal fue esencial para la transmisión de MMTV a la descendencia.
- Los ratones tratados con antibióticos y libres de gérmenes mostraron una transmisión de MMTV deteriorada.
- El lipopolisacárido bacteriano unido a MMTV activó TLR4, lo que condujo a la inducción de IL-10 dependiente de IL-6.
Conclusiones:
- MMTV ha evolucionado para explotar la microbiota intestinal del huésped para la evasión inmune.
- La interacción entre MMTV y la microbiota induce una vía de tolerancia inmune.
- La microbiota comensal es fundamentalmente importante en el contexto de las infecciones virales.
- Esto pone de relieve un nuevo mecanismo de evasión inmune viral mediada por el microbioma.
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