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Recursos humanos para la atención de salud mental: situación actual y estrategias de acción
Ritsuko Kakuma1, Harry Minas, Nadja van Ginneken
1Centre for International Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. ritz.kakuma@gmail.com
Lancet (London, England)
|October 20, 2011
Resumen
Abordar la escasez mundial de profesionales de la salud mental, especialmente en los países de bajos ingresos, requiere un cambio de tareas. La capacitación de no especialistas en atención primaria puede ofrecer efectivamente intervenciones esenciales de salud mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Mental Global La Salud Mental en el Mundo.
- Desarrollo de la fuerza laboral en salud Desarrollo de la fuerza laboral en salud.
- Sistemas de prestación de atención médica Sistemas de prestación de atención médica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Es significativa la escasez mundial de recursos humanos para la salud mental, particularmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios (LMIC).
- Los recursos humanos existentes para la salud mental en los LMIC muestran un grave déficit, que se prevé que empeore sin intervención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el estado actual de los recursos humanos para la salud mental a nivel mundial.
- Identificar las necesidades y proponer estrategias efectivas de acción en el desarrollo de la fuerza laboral de salud mental.
- Explorar el potencial del cambio de tareas y la integración de la atención primaria para la prestación de servicios de salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura actual y la evidencia sobre los recursos humanos para la salud mental.
- Análisis de las necesidades y desafíos existentes en los LMIC.
- Examen de modelos exitosos para la prestación de atención de salud mental, incluido el cambio de tareas y los programas basados en la comunidad.
Principales resultados:
- La atención de salud mental se puede brindar de manera efectiva en entornos de atención primaria de salud y a través de programas basados en la comunidad.
- El cambio de tareas permite a los profesionales de la salud no especializados, trabajadores laicos y cuidadores administrar las condiciones de salud mental con capacitación y supervisión.
- Estos enfoques pueden mejorar la detección, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el monitoreo de los trastornos mentales, al tiempo que reducen la carga de los cuidadores.
Conclusiones:
- El desplazamiento de tareas y la integración en la atención primaria son estrategias viables para abordar la escasez de personal de salud mental en los LMIC.
- La inversión en capacitación, supervisión y liderazgo es crucial para ampliar los servicios de salud mental.
- Abordar los recursos humanos para la salud mental requiere estrategias integrales centradas en la gestión y el liderazgo dentro de los LMIC.
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