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Resolver las relaciones evolutivas de los moluscos con herramientas filogenómicas
Stephen A Smith1, Nerida G Wilson, Freya E Goetz
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
Nature
|October 28, 2011
Resumen
Este estudio resuelve las relaciones evolutivas de los moluscos utilizando datos del transcriptoma. Los resultados apoyan el clado Aculifera y la monofilia Conchifera, aclarando la ubicación de Monoplacophora y Scaphopoda dentro de Mollusca.
Área de la Ciencia:
- * Zoología Zoología.
- * Biología Evolutiva.
- * La filogenómica
Sus antecedentes:
- * Los moluscos exhiben una gran diversidad morfológica, sólo superados por los artrópodos en riqueza de especies.
- * A pesar de un extenso estudio, las relaciones evolutivas dentro de los moluscos siguen siendo poco resueltas, lo que afecta la comprensión de los orígenes y la evolución morfológica.
- * Las preguntas clave sin resolver incluyen la posición filogenética de los aplacóforos sin cáscara y la monofilia de los moluscos con cáscara (Conchifera).
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Resolver las relaciones filogenéticas entre los principales grupos de moluscos utilizando datos moleculares completos.
- * Investigar la historia evolutiva de la pérdida y ganancia de caparazones dentro de los moluscos.
- * Proporcionar un marco evolutivo robusto para futuros estudios sobre el desarrollo y la anatomía de los moluscos.
Principales métodos:
- * Generación de datos del transcriptoma para 15 diversas especies de moluscos.
- * Integración de nuevos datos con los conjuntos de datos moleculares existentes, lo que resulta en el análisis de hasta 216.402 sitios y 1.185 regiones de genes.
- * Aplicación de múltiples modelos filogenéticos y métodos analíticos para garantizar resultados sólidos.
Principales resultados:
- * Fuerte apoyo para la monofilia de Aculifera (molluscos con espículas, sin cáscaras verdaderas) y Conchifera (molluscos con cáscara).
- * Monoplacophora se resuelve como el grupo hermano de Cephalopoda, no otros Conchifera.
- * Se identifica un clado bien soportado que comprende Scaphopoda, Gastropoda y Bivalvia, con Scaphopoda y Gastropoda a menudo como grupos hermanos.
Conclusiones:
- * El estudio proporciona una filogenia bien resuelta para los moluscos, aclarando preguntas evolutivas de larga data.
- * Los hallazgos apoyan trayectorias evolutivas distintas para los moluscos sin cáscara y con cáscara.
- * El marco filogenético establecido facilitará la investigación futura sobre la evolución, el desarrollo y la anatomía comparada de los moluscos.
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