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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
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Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
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Real-Time Fluorescent Measurement of Synaptic Functions in Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Doc2 es un sensor de Ca2+ requerido para la liberación asincrónica de neurotransmisores.

Jun Yao1, Jon D Gaffaney, Sung E Kwon

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Cell
|November 1, 2011
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Resumen

Doc2 se identifica como un sensor de calcio (Ca2+) crucial para regular la liberación de neurotransmisores asincrónicos, una fase más lenta de la transmisión sináptica. Sus niveles de expresión impactan directamente en la velocidad y la ocurrencia de este mecanismo de liberación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transmisión sináptica comprende fases sincrónicas rápidas y fases asíncronas lentas.
  • Distintos sensores de calcio (Ca2+) regulan estas fases de liberación.
  • La sinaptotagmina I es el sensor conocido para la liberación rápida, pero el sensor asincrónico no está identificado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para identificar el sensor de Ca2+ responsable de la liberación asíncrona de neurotransmisores.
  • Para caracterizar las propiedades cinéticas de los potenciales sensores de Ca2+ involucrados en la transmisión sináptica.

Principales métodos:

  • Detección de sensores neuronales de Ca2+ con una cinética lenta.
  • Evaluación de la función de Doc2 en la liberación de neurotransmisores.
  • Manipulación de los niveles de expresión de Doc2 en las neuronas del hipocampo.

Principales resultados:

  • Doc2 exhibe una cinética consistente con la liberación asíncrona.
  • Upregular Doc2 mejora la fase lenta de la transmisión sináptica.
  • La regulación a la baja de Doc2 reduce la fase lenta de la transmisión sináptica.
  • La manipulación de Doc2 afecta a la liberación asincrónica pero no a la liberación síncrona de los potenciales de acción única.

Conclusiones:

  • Doc2 se propone como el sensor de Ca2+ para la liberación asíncrona de neurotransmisores.
  • La cinética de Doc2 está sintonizada para regular la fase lenta de la transmisión sináptica.
  • Doc2 puede influir en la disponibilidad de las vesículas durante la estimulación repetitiva.