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El consumo moderado de alcohol durante la vida adulta, los patrones de consumo y el riesgo de cáncer de mama
Wendy Y Chen1, Bernard Rosner, Susan E Hankinson
1Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. wendy.chen@channing.harvard.edu
JAMA
|November 3, 2011
Resumen
Incluso un bajo consumo de alcohol aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de mama, especialmente con los patrones de consumo excesivo de alcohol. La ingesta acumulada de alcohol a lo largo de la edad adulta es un factor clave, independientemente de cuándo ocurra.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Oncología Oncología Oncología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se ha establecido un vínculo entre el consumo de alcohol y el aumento del riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- Cuantificación limitada del riesgo asociado con niveles más bajos de consumo de alcohol.
- Impacto poco claro de los patrones de consumo y el momento del consumo en la edad adulta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la relación entre el cáncer de mama y la ingesta de alcohol a lo largo de la vida adulta.
- Para analizar la influencia de la cantidad de alcohol, la frecuencia de consumo y la edad de consumo en el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- Para cuantificar el riesgo asociado con un bajo nivel de consumo de alcohol.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó a 105.986 mujeres del Estudio de Salud de las Enfermeras (1980-2008).
- Se utilizó la evaluación temprana del alcohol en adultos y 8 evaluaciones actualizadas durante el período de seguimiento.
- Riesgos relativos monitoreados para el desarrollo de cáncer de mama invasivo.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el riesgo de cáncer de mama incluso a bajos niveles de consumo (5.0-9.9 g/día).
- El consumo excesivo de alcohol, independientemente de la ingesta acumulada, se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- El consumo de alcohol en la edad adulta temprana y posterior contribuyó de forma independiente al aumento del riesgo.
Conclusiones:
- El bajo consumo de alcohol se asocia con un aumento modesto en el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- La ingesta acumulada de alcohol a lo largo de la edad adulta es un predictor significativo del cáncer de mama.
- El consumo de alcohol en diferentes etapas de la vida tiene un impacto independiente en el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
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