Jove
Visualize
Contáctanos
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ACERCA DE JoVE
Visión GeneralLiderazgoBlogCentro de Ayuda JoVE
AUTORES
Proceso de PublicaciónConsejo EditorialAlcance y PolíticasRevisión por ParesPreguntas FrecuentesEnviar
BIBLIOTECARIOS
TestimoniosSuscripcionesAccesoRecursosConsejo Asesor de BibliotecasPreguntas Frecuentes
INVESTIGACIÓN
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchivo
EDUCACIÓN
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualCentro de Recursos para ProfesoresSitio de Profesores
Términos y Condiciones de Uso
Política de Privacidad
Políticas

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por
Same author

Oridonin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to activate autophagy.

International journal of molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Impact of Enhanced Infection Control Measures on Hospital-Acquired Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.

Infection and drug resistance·2026
Same author

Trends in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their association with vancomycin / linezolid consumption in a tertiary hospital in China.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Analysis of Candida auris resistance and associated risk factors in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital in China.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Computational and experimental determination of electrochemical standard rate constant from cyclic voltammetry: insights into <i>α</i> + <i>β</i> ≠ 1 systems.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Curved Microfluidic Confinement Reveals Cell-Shape-Dependent Nuclear Mechanotransduction in Adaptive Migration.

ACS nano·2025

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 28, 2026

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
07:31

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Published on: June 16, 2019

La nitratación de tirosina catalizada por el cobre.

Liang Qiao1, Yu Lu, Baohong Liu

  • 1Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 4, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los iones de cobre catalizan la nitratación de tirosina a través de un mecanismo similar al de Fenton, imitando las vías enzimáticas. Esta investigación revela que el cobre es el cobre.

Más Videos Relacionados

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
07:31

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Published on: June 16, 2019

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
07:30

A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

Published on: January 21, 2020

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Biología Química Biología química.
  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La nitratación de tirosina es un marcador de estrés nitrativo en enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
  • Por lo general, es inducida químicamente por especies reactivas de nitrógeno o enzimáticamente por peroxidasas.
  • Los mecanismos catalíticos precisos, especialmente los que involucran iones metálicos, requieren una mayor aclaración.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el papel de los iones de cobre en la catalización de la nitratación de la tirosina.
  • Explorar los mecanismos químicos de la nitratación catalizada por el cobre, particularmente en relación con las vías enzimáticas.
  • Desarrollar un sistema de microrreactores para el estudio de la nitratación de tirosina y su análisis mediante espectrometría de masas.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un microrreactor junto con espectrometría de masas de ionización por electrospray.
  • Investigación de la nitratación de la tirosina en presencia de iones de cobre, peróxido de hidrógeno y nitrito.
  • Análisis de la formación de radicales y mecanismos de limpieza que involucran iones de cobre, nitrito y tirosina.

Principales resultados:

  • Los iones de cobre y sus complejos actúan como potentes catalizadores de Fenton, generando radicales hidroxilo.
  • Estos radicales conducen a la nitratación de la tirosina en los polipéptidos a través de reacciones con nitrito y tirosina.
  • El cobre también cataliza la nitratación que involucra óxido nítrico, oxígeno y peróxido de hidrógeno, destacando su papel polivalente.

Conclusiones:

  • Los iones de cobre juegan un papel multifacético en la catalización de la nitratación de la tirosina.
  • Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los mecanismos químicos subyacentes al estrés nitrativo.
  • Este estudio ofrece un nuevo enfoque para analizar las modificaciones post-traducionales catalizadas por iones metálicos.