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La proteína de unión adherens nectina-4 es el receptor epitelial para el virus del sarampión
Michael D Mühlebach1, Mathieu Mateo, Patrick L Sinn
1Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
Nature
|November 4, 2011
Resumen
El virus del sarampión utiliza la nectina-4 como un nuevo receptor de salida del huésped para volver a entrar en las vías respiratorias. Este descubrimiento explica cómo el virus se propaga dentro del sistema respiratorio y tiene implicaciones para la investigación del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El virus del sarampión es una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil, transmitido a través de aerosoles.
- Anteriormente, se pensaba que la entrada del virus del sarampión era únicamente en el epitelio respiratorio.
- Los hallazgos recientes indican una infección inicial de las células inmunes de las vías respiratorias (macrófagos, células dendríticas) a través de SLAMF1.1.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar el receptor huésped responsable de la salida del virus del sarampión de las células epiteliales de vuelta a las vías respiratorias.
- Para aclarar el mecanismo de la propagación del virus del sarampión dentro del sistema respiratorio.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis funcional de proteínas superficiales en células epiteliales de las vías respiratorias humanas.
- Identificación de la nectina-4 (PVRL4) como un receptor de salida de huésped potencial.
- Estudios in vitro utilizando hojas epiteliales primarias diferenciadas de las vías respiratorias humanas.
Principales resultados:
- La nectina-4, una proteína de unión de adherens, fue identificada como un receptor de alta afinidad para el virus del sarampión.
- La nectina-4 facilita la entrada del virus del sarampión y la propagación lateral no citopática en las células epiteliales de las vías respiratorias.
- La expresión de nectina-4 está regulada a la baja en las células epiteliales infectadas, incluso en las traqueas del macaco.
Conclusiones:
- El virus del sarampión utiliza la nectina-4 como receptor de salida del huésped para reemerger en las vías respiratorias.
- Este mecanismo es crucial para la diseminación del virus del sarampión dentro del tracto respiratorio.
- El papel de la nectina-4 en la infección por el virus del sarampión puede tener implicaciones para la terapia contra el cáncer basada en el virus del sarampión (oncolisis).
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