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Cambio a largo plazo en el ciclo del nitrógeno de los bosques tropicales
Peter Hietz1, Benjamin L Turner, Wolfgang Wanek
1Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria. peter.hietz@boku.ac.at
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 5, 2011
Resumen
Las actividades humanas están aumentando la deposición de nitrógeno reactivo en los bosques tropicales, alterando los ecosistemas. Este estudio observó el aumento de los niveles de nitrógeno en los bosques de Panamá y Tailandia, lo que indica cambios ambientales generalizados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
- Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bosques templados son sensibles a la deposición de nitrógeno reactivo (N) debido a la disponibilidad naturalmente baja de N que limita la productividad.
- Anteriormente no se sabía que los bosques tropicales, que normalmente tienen una mayor disponibilidad natural de nitrógeno, se vieran significativamente afectados por la deposición de nitrógeno.
- Las actividades antropogénicas liberan N reactivo, lo que genera preocupaciones sobre su impacto en los ecosistemas globales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de la deposición de nitrógeno reactivo antropogénico en los ecosistemas de los bosques tropicales.
- Para determinar si los bosques tropicales están experimentando aumentos en la disponibilidad de nitrógeno.
- Evaluar el alcance y las implicaciones de la deposición de nitrógeno en las regiones tropicales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las relaciones de N de la hoja y de isótopos estables (δ(15) N) en muestras de bosque húmedo panameño de ~1968 a 2007.
- Análisis del anillo de árbol δ(15) N en un bosque seco tailandés durante el siglo pasado.
- Comparación de la dinámica N del bosque con los resultados de un experimento de fertilización N de una década en un bosque cercano de Panamá.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron aumentos significativos en las hojas N y δ(15) N en el bosque húmedo panameño.
- El anillo de árbol δ(15) N mostró un marcado aumento en el siglo pasado en el bosque seco tailandés.
- La fertilización experimental con N en Panamá indujo aumentos similares en las hojas N y δ(15) N, apoyando la hipótesis de la deposición.
Conclusiones:
- Los aumentos observados en las hojas y los anillos de los árboles δ(15) N indican aumentos regionales en la disponibilidad de nitrógeno en los bosques tropicales.
- Estos cambios se atribuyen a la deposición de nitrógeno reactivo antropogénico.
- Los aumentos generalizados en las emisiones de N reactivo en áreas terrestres tropicales sugieren que estos hallazgos son representativos de ecosistemas más amplios de bosques tropicales.
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