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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 27, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

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Published on: October 11, 2012

La muerte celular programada en el desarrollo animal y las enfermedades.

Yaron Fuchs1, Hermann Steller

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Resumen

La muerte celular programada (PCD) es crucial para el desarrollo y la salud de los animales. La desregulación de la PCD contribuye a enfermedades como el cáncer y la neurodegeneración, pero también ayuda a la reparación de los tejidos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La muerte celular programada (DPC) es esencial para el desarrollo normal de los animales y el mantenimiento de la homeostasis tisular.
  • La regulación aberrante de la PCD está implicada en numerosas enfermedades humanas, incluido el cáncer, la neurodegeneración y los trastornos inmunológicos y del desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar una visión general histórica de la investigación de la DPC.
  • Discutir la regulación, las funciones y los mecanismos de la PCD durante el desarrollo animal.
  • Explorar las funciones no letales de las proteínas apoptóticas y su conexión con las células madre y el cáncer.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura y análisis histórico de la muerte celular programada.
  • Discusión de la función de la proteína apoptótica, en particular las caspases.
  • Exploración de las vías de señalización involucradas en la apoptosis y la regeneración tisular.

Principales resultados:

  • La DPC es un proceso estrictamente regulado con diversas funciones en el desarrollo, incluyendo la diferenciación celular y la remodelación de tejidos.
  • Las proteínas apoptóticas, como las caspasas, tienen funciones no letales críticas para el desarrollo.
  • Las células moribundas liberan señales que influyen en las células circundantes, promoviendo la reparación y regeneración de los tejidos.

Conclusiones:

  • Comprender la PCD es vital para comprender el desarrollo y la enfermedad.
  • La señalización celular apoptótica tiene implicaciones para la biología de las células madre y la terapéutica del cáncer.
  • Las investigaciones adicionales sobre los mecanismos de la DPC pueden revelar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para diversas enfermedades.