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Almacenamiento de energía eléctrica para la red: una batería de opciones
Bruce Dunn1, Haresh Kamath, Jean-Marie Tarascon
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2011
Resumen
El almacenamiento de energía en la red está ganando interés debido a los costos, las necesidades de confiabilidad y la integración renovable. Los sistemas de baterías, como sodio-azufre, flujo redox y litio-ion, son prometedores para aplicaciones de red de alto valor si los costos disminuyen.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Sistemas de almacenamiento de energía Sistemas de almacenamiento de energía
- Almacenamiento de energía electroquímica Almacenamiento de energía electroquímica.
- Modernización de la red eléctrica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento de los costos de gestión de la red y las demandas de confiabilidad impulsan el interés en las soluciones de almacenamiento de energía.
- La integración de fuentes de energía renovables intermitentes requiere tecnologías avanzadas de almacenamiento en la red.
- El almacenamiento hidroeléctrico por bombeo es dominante, pero los sistemas de batería ofrecen potencial para aplicaciones de red de alto valor.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los sistemas actuales de baterías para el almacenamiento de energía de la red.
- Para resaltar las oportunidades de los sistemas de baterías en las aplicaciones de red.
- Discutir el análisis costo-beneficio de diferentes tecnologías de baterías para el uso de la red.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las tecnologías de baterías disponibles comercialmente y emergentes para aplicaciones de red.
- Análisis de los factores de costo y el potencial de reducción de costos en los sistemas de baterías.
- Evaluación de la idoneidad del sistema de baterías para el almacenamiento de energía a escala de red.
Principales resultados:
- Las baterías de sodio-azufre están disponibles comercialmente para aplicaciones de red.
- Las baterías de flujo redox presentan una opción de bajo costo para el almacenamiento en la red.
- Los avances de las baterías de iones de litio de la electrónica y los vehículos eléctricos se están adaptando para el almacenamiento en la red.
Conclusiones:
- Los sistemas de baterías ofrecen importantes oportunidades de alto valor para el almacenamiento de energía de la red.
- La reducción de costos es crucial para la adopción generalizada de sistemas de baterías en la red.
- Diversas sustancias químicas de las baterías están siendo exploradas y adaptadas para aplicaciones a escala de red.
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