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Primitivas locomotoras en recién nacidos y su desarrollo
Nadia Dominici1, Yuri P Ivanenko, Germana Cappellini
1Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2011
Resumen
Los movimientos rudimentarios evolucionan con el desarrollo, conservando patrones neurales primitivos en lugar de ser reemplazados. Estos patrones básicos de locomoción se conservan en diversas especies, lo que sugiere un origen evolutivo común.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- La Fisiología Comparada.
Sus antecedentes:
- La trayectoria de desarrollo del control motor de movimientos rudimentarios a movimientos sofisticados no se entiende bien.
- Las teorías existentes sugieren que los patrones primitivos de control neuronal son reemplazados durante el desarrollo, no retenidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar los patrones fundamentales de la actividad de las motoneuronas lumbosacrales durante la locomoción en diferentes etapas del desarrollo.
- Para investigar la conservación evolutiva de estos patrones de control motor a través de diversas especies animales.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron grabaciones multi-musculares de la actividad de las motoneuronas lumbosacrales en neonatos humanos, niños pequeños, niños en edad preescolar y adultos.
- Se realizaron registros similares en modelos de ratas, gatos, macacos y aves de corral.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que dos patrones básicos de actividad motoneuronal identificados en neonatos persisten a lo largo del desarrollo humano.
- Dos patrones adicionales surgieron en los niños pequeños, aumentando los patrones neonatales.
- Se observaron patrones de control motor notablemente similares en todas las especies estudiadas, incluidos humanos, roedores, felinos, primates y aves.
Conclusiones:
- El desarrollo de la locomoción implica la retención y el aumento de los patrones neurales primitivos, en lugar de su reemplazo completo.
- La conservación de estos patrones motores básicos en todas las especies sugiere un origen evolutivo común para la locomoción, potencialmente vinculado a redes neuronales ancestrales.
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