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Dinámicas de subducción y el origen de la orogenia andina y la oroclina boliviana
F A Capitanio1, C Faccenna, S Zlotnik
1School of Geosciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia. fabio.capitanio@monash.edu
Nature
|November 25, 2011
Resumen
Las montañas de los Andes y el oroclino boliviano se formaron debido a la placa de Nazca.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología Geología Geología.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las montañas de los Andes se formaron a partir de la subducción de la placa de Nazca bajo América del Sur.
- La formación de los Andes y el oroclino boliviano sigue siendo inexplicable a pesar de la subducción continua desde la era Mesozoica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los mecanismos detrás de la formación del Cenozoico de los Andes y el orocline boliviano.
- Para explicar el inicio tardío de la orogenia andina.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos tridimensionales de subducción numérica.
- Analizó las variaciones en el espesor de la losa de la placa de Nazca y la edad en la zanja.
- Se examinó el resultado del engrosamiento de la placa superior y la distribución de la tensión.
Principales resultados:
- Las variaciones en la edad de la placa de Nazca en la zanja crean diferencias en el grosor de la losa, lo que lleva a la morfología cordillerana.
- La subducción de la placa de Nazca más antigua engrosa la corteza sudamericana, lo que explica las elevaciones más altas en los Andes Centrales.
- El engrosamiento de la placa modifica las fuerzas a lo largo de la zanja, formando la oroclina boliviana cóncava y los cinturones de tensión responsables de la anchura de los Andes y los variados estilos tectónicos.
Conclusiones:
- La orogenia andina y la formación de oroclinas están vinculadas a la distribución de edad de la placa de Nazca, una condición encontrada en el Eoceno.
- El modelo explica con éxito la morfología andina observada, la elevación y la curvatura de la oroclina.
- Los hallazgos resuelven el viejo enigma del comienzo tardío de la orogenia andina.
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