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El camino a la ruina: apuntar a las proteínas para la degradación en el retículo endoplasmático

Melanie H Smith¹, Hidde L Ploegh, Jonathan S Weissman

¹Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate Group in Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 26, 2011

Resumen

Las proteínas mal plegadas en el retículo endoplasmático (ER) se degradan a través de vías de degradación asociadas a ER (ERAD). Si bien se conocen los componentes de ERAD, la identificación de las características de las proteínas mal plegadas y su papel en la regulación de la vida media de las proteínas requiere más estudios.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología celular Biología celular.
La homeostasis de las proteínas.
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

Las proteínas nacientes pueden desplegarse mal dentro del retículo endoplasmático (ER).
Las proteínas mal plegadas se dirigen a la degradación a través de las vías de degradación asociadas a ER (ERAD).
ERAD implica la dislocación de la ER al citosol y la posterior degradación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los componentes y vías conocidos de ERAD.
Para resaltar el entendimiento limitado de las características que identifican las proteínas terminalmente mal plegadas.
Para discutir el papel más amplio de ERAD en la regulación de las semividas de las proteínas.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de las vías y componentes de ERAD.
Análisis de los mecanismos conocidos de reconocimiento de sustratos en ERAD.
Discusión de las implicaciones para la rotación de proteínas y la proteostasis celular.

Principales resultados:

Se identifican muchos componentes de la maquinaria ERAD.
Las distintas vías de ERAD utilizan diferentes ligasas de ubiquitina E3.
Los mecanismos para identificar conformaciones terminalmente mal plegadas siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.

Conclusiones:

ERAD es una vía crucial para eliminar las proteínas mal plegadas de la ER.
Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar las características específicas que marcan las proteínas para ERAD.
La comprensión de estas características podría revelar funciones más amplias de ERAD en la regulación de la vida media de las proteínas y la salud celular.

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