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Una nube de gas en su camino hacia el agujero negro supermasivo en el Centro Galáctico
S Gillessen1, R Genzel, T K Fritz
1Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ste@mpe.mpg.de
Nature
|December 16, 2011
Resumen
Una densa nube de gas está cayendo en Sagitario A*, un agujero negro supermasivo. Su trayectoria y perturbación revelarán ideas sobre los procesos de alimentación y acreción de agujeros negros.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La astrofísica es la astrofísica.
- La astronomía es la astronomía.
Sus antecedentes:
- Sagitario A * (Sgr A *) es un agujero negro supermasivo en el centro galáctico, aproximadamente cuatro millones de veces la masa del Sol.
- Sgr A* exhibe bajas tasas de acreción y eficiencia de radiación, evidenciadas por su debilidad, excepto por ocasionales llamaradas de rayos X e infrarrojos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar sobre el descubrimiento y las características orbitales de una densa nube de gas que se acerca a Sgr A*.
- Para investigar la evolución dinámica y la radiación de esta nube de gas a medida que interactúa con la zona de acreción del agujero negro.
- Para utilizar la interacción de la nube para sondear las propiedades del flujo de acreción y los mecanismos de alimentación de agujeros negros supermasivos.
Principales métodos:
- Las mediciones de la órbita estelar confirman que Sgr A* es un agujero negro.
- Astronomía observacional para detectar y rastrear la trayectoria de la nube de gas.
- Análisis del corte de marea y las fuerzas gravitacionales que actúan sobre la nube de gas.
Principales resultados:
- Una densa nube de gas, aproximadamente tres veces la masa de la Tierra, se encuentra en una órbita muy excéntrica hacia Sgr A*.
- La aproximación más cercana de la nube al horizonte de eventos es de aproximadamente 3.100 veces el radio del horizonte, lo que se espera para 2013.
- La nube ha comenzado a romperse debido a las fuerzas de marea de la gravedad de Sgr A * en los últimos tres años.
Conclusiones:
- La dinámica orbital de la nube de gas y la posterior interrupción proporcionará datos cruciales sobre los procesos de acreción cerca de Sgr A*.
- Las futuras observaciones de la evolución de la nube pueden revelar un brillo significativo de la emisión de rayos X de Sgr A *.
- La ruptura de la nube podría desencadenar una gran llamarada de radiación si los fragmentos alimentan la zona central de acreción.
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