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Respuesta global de las aves marinas al agotamiento de los peces forrajeros: un tercio para las aves

Philippe M Cury¹, Ian L Boyd, Sylvain Bonhommeau

¹Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME-212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, Sète Cedex, France. philippe.cury@ird.fr

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 24, 2011

Resumen

El éxito de la reproducción de aves marinas disminuye drásticamente cuando la abundancia de peces forrajeros cae por debajo de un umbral crítico, lo que afecta a los ecosistemas marinos a nivel mundial. Esta biomasa mínima de presas es esencial para las poblaciones estables de aves marinas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología marina Ecología marina.
Biología Aviar Biología Aviar
Pesca Ciencia Pesca Ciencia

Sus antecedentes:

La dinámica depredador-presa es fundamental para el funcionamiento del ecosistema marino.
Las poblaciones de aves marinas son indicadores sensibles de la salud de los océanos.
Comprender el impacto de la disponibilidad de presas en la reproducción de las aves marinas es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para cuantificar la relación entre la abundancia de peces forrajeros y el éxito de reproducción de aves marinas.
Para identificar los umbrales críticos en la biomasa de presas que afectan a la productividad de las aves marinas.
Evaluar la consistencia de esta relación en los diferentes ecosistemas marinos.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó una base de datos global de éxito de reproducción de aves marinas y abundancia de presas.
Analizaron datos de 14 especies de aves marinas en siete ecosistemas marinos.
Umbral identificado en la biomasa de peces forrajeros (peces y krill).

Principales resultados:

Se identificó un umbral consistente en la abundancia de peces forrajeros, por debajo del cual la productividad de las aves marinas disminuyó significativamente y se volvió más variable.
Este umbral se observó en todos los ecosistemas estudiados del Atlántico, el Pacífico y el Océano Austral.
El umbral crítico se aproximaba a un tercio de la biomasa máxima de presas observada.

Conclusiones:

Una biomasa mínima de peces forrajeros es necesaria para garantizar el éxito estable de la reproducción de aves marinas.
Este umbral sirve como un indicador vital para la salud y la gestión del ecosistema marino.
Los hallazgos destacan la interconexión entre las poblaciones de peces y las poblaciones de aves marinas.

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