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La cuenca del Amazonas en transición.

Eric A Davidson1, Alessandro C de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo

  • 1The Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540-1644, USA. edavidson@whrc.org

Nature
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los bosques amazónicos muestran resistencia a la sequía, pero se enfrentan a riesgos de deforestación e incendios, lo que podría alterar el clima regional y los ciclos del agua. Estas perturbaciones pueden indicar un cambio hacia un nuevo estado del ecosistema impulsado por perturbaciones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
  • Hidrología Hidrología Hidrología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los bosques amazónicos están experimentando crecientes perturbaciones por la expansión agrícola y la variabilidad climática.
  • Si bien los bosques muestran resistencia a la sequía moderada, los impactos combinados de la deforestación, el fuego y la sequía plantean riesgos.
  • Estas perturbaciones pueden conducir a la pérdida de almacenamiento de carbono y a la alteración de los patrones de precipitación y descarga de los ríos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la resiliencia de los bosques amazónicos a las perturbaciones.
  • Para investigar los impactos potenciales de la deforestación combinada, el fuego y la sequía.
  • Identificar las primeras señales de transición del ecosistema en la cuenca del Amazonas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de estudios recientes sobre la dinámica del bosque amazónico.
  • Análisis de la variabilidad climática y las interacciones del uso de la tierra.
  • Monitoreo de los ciclos hidrológicos y biogeoquímicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los bosques amazónicos exhiben una considerable resistencia a la sequía anual moderada.
  • Las interacciones entre la deforestación, el fuego y la sequía pueden conducir a una pérdida significativa de carbono.
  • Los cambios en los ciclos de energía y agua son evidentes en el sur y el este de la Amazonia.

Conclusiones:

  • La cuenca del Amazonas puede estar pasando a un régimen dominado por las perturbaciones.
  • El uso de la tierra y los impactos de la sequía, aunque aún no superan la variabilidad natural en toda la cuenca, muestran tendencias preocupantes.
  • Las primeras señales de cambio en el ecosistema requieren un monitoreo e investigación continuos.