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Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
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Measuring Single-Cell Aging with an Imaging-based Biomarker of Chromatin and Epigenetic Aging
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Envejecimiento, rejuvenecimiento y reprogramación epigenética: restableciendo el reloj del envejecimiento.

Thomas A Rando1, Howard Y Chang

  • 1The Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. rando@stanford.edu

Cell
|January 24, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

El envejecimiento es un misterio biológico, pero una nueva investigación muestra que el reloj del envejecimiento se puede revertir. La reprogramación epigenética ofrece un marco para comprender y potencialmente restaurar la juventud a las células y tejidos envejecidos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Biología Biología.
  • Genética La genética.
  • La epigenética es la epigenética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los mecanismos fundamentales que impulsan el proceso de envejecimiento siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
  • Investigaciones recientes indican que el envejecimiento es maleable y potencialmente reversible.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar el campo emergente de la reprogramación epigenética en el contexto del envejecimiento biológico.
  • Explorar cómo definir la juventud y la senescencia como estados epigenéticos puede avanzar en la investigación del envejecimiento.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura de estudios recientes sobre el envejecimiento y el rejuvenecimiento.
  • Centrarse en la reprogramación epigenética como un mecanismo clave.

Principales resultados:

  • La evidencia sugiere que la tasa de envejecimiento puede ser influenciada por factores genéticos y ambientales.
  • El proceso de envejecimiento puede ser reversible, con potencial para restaurar las características juveniles.

Conclusiones:

  • La reprogramación epigenética presenta un nuevo marco para investigar el envejecimiento.
  • Ver la juventud y la senescencia como estados epigenéticos abre nuevas vías para la investigación de la reversión de la edad.