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El pastoreo intenso del ganado promueve los brotes de langostas al reducir el contenido de nitrógeno de las plantas
Arianne J Cease1, James J Elser, Colleen F Ford
1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. arianne.cease@asu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 28, 2012
Resumen
Contrariamente a las expectativas, el aumento del nitrógeno vegetal (N) tuvo un impacto negativo en las langostas. El pastoreo intenso del ganado, al reducir las proteínas vegetales, puede promover brotes de langostas en los pastizales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Entomología Entomología.
- Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
Sus antecedentes:
- Generalmente se asume que el nitrógeno vegetal (N) mejora el rendimiento de los herbívoros al aliviar la limitación de proteínas.
- Esto puede conducir a un aumento de las poblaciones de insectos herbívoros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el efecto del enriquecimiento de nitrógeno de la planta huésped en el tamaño y la viabilidad de Oedaleus asiaticus.
- Para determinar las preferencias de alimentación de las langostas con respecto al nitrógeno vegetal y la composición de la dieta artificial.
Principales métodos:
- Manipulación experimental del contenido de nitrógeno de la planta huésped.
- La provisión de dietas artificiales con diferentes niveles de proteínas y carbohidratos.
- Observaciones de campo que correlacionan la abundancia de langostas con la intensidad de pastoreo del ganado y el agotamiento del nitrógeno del suelo.
Principales resultados:
- El enriquecimiento de nitrógeno de la planta huésped y las dietas artificiales altas en proteínas disminuyeron el tamaño y la viabilidad de las langostas.
- Oedaleus asiaticus prefería plantas con bajo contenido de nitrógeno y dietas artificiales bajas en proteínas y altas en carbohidratos.
- La abundancia de langostas fue más alta en campos fuertemente pastoreados con nitrógeno del suelo agotado.
Conclusiones:
- El aumento del nitrógeno vegetal no necesariamente beneficia a todos los herbívoros; puede tener un impacto negativo en algunas especies como Oedaleus asiaticus.
- El pastoreo intenso del ganado y la degradación de la estepa, al reducir las proteínas vegetales, pueden promover brotes de langostas en los pastizales del norte de Asia.
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