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Estructura cerebral anormal implicada en la adicción a los estimulantes y las drogas.

Karen D Ersche1, P Simon Jones, Guy B Williams

  • 1Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ke220@cam.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 4, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

La adicción a las drogas es una crisis de salud pública. Los investigadores encontraron anomalías del sistema frontostriatal del cerebro en individuos con adicción a estimulantes y sus hermanos, lo que sugiere un endofenotipo neurocognitivo para la adicción.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Investigación de adicciones Investigación de adicciones.
  • Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La adicción a las drogas es una preocupación significativa de salud pública.
  • Implica comportamientos de mala adaptación que afectan la salud y la vida social.
  • Los déficits de autocontrol a menudo se observan en la adicción.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los fundamentos neurobiológicos de la adicción a drogas estimulantes.
  • Identificar posibles endofenotipos asociados con el riesgo de adicción.
  • Examinar los sistemas cerebrales involucrados en el autocontrol en individuos adictos y sus familiares.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron técnicas de neuroimagen para estudiar los sistemas cerebrales.
  • Se centró en los circuitos fronto-striatales.
  • Los participantes incluyeron individuos dependientes de estimulantes y sus hermanos biológicos que no abusaban de drogas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron anomalías en los sistemas cerebrales fronto-striatales.
  • Estas anomalías estaban presentes tanto en individuos dependientes de estimulantes como en sus hermanos.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren una vulnerabilidad neurocognitiva compartida.

Conclusiones:

  • Puede existir un endofenotipo neurocognitivo para la adicción a drogas estimulantes.
  • Las anomalías del sistema frontostriatal podrían representar una predisposición a la adicción.
  • Esta investigación pone de relieve el papel de los mecanismos de autocontrol en la vulnerabilidad a la adicción.