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Las células T reguladoras generadas extratimicamente controlan la inflamación TH2 de la mucosa

Steven Z Josefowicz¹, Rachel E Niec, Hye Young Kim

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10021, USA.

|February 10, 2012

Resumen

Las células reguladoras T (Treg) inducidas, no las derivadas del timo, son cruciales para prevenir la inflamación alérgica en los sitios de la mucosa y mantener el equilibrio de la microbiota intestinal. Su deficiencia conduce a enfermedades alérgicas como el asma.

Área de la Ciencia:

Inmunología Inmunología.
Microbiología Microbiología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las interfaces mucosas requieren un equilibrio de respuestas pro e antiinflamatorias para la defensa del patógeno sin causar alergia o inflamación.
Las células T reguladoras (Treg), originadas en el timo (tTreg) o la periferia (iTreg), son vitales para la homeostasis inmune y la prevención de la autoinmunidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los distintos roles de las células T reguladoras derivadas del timo (tTreg) e inducidas (iTreg) en el mantenimiento del equilibrio inmune en las superficies de la mucosa.
Determinar si las células iTreg son esenciales para prevenir la inflamación alérgica y mantener la composición de la microbiota intestinal.

Principales métodos:

Bloqueo selectivo de la diferenciación de células T (iTreg) reguladoras inducidas en ratones.
Evaluación de la patología autoinmune, las respuestas de las células T auxiliares (T, H1, T, H17, T, H2) y la inflamación de la mucosa.
Análisis de la composición de la comunidad microbiana intestinal en ratones con deficiencia de iTreg.

Principales resultados:

Los ratones que carecían de células iTreg no desarrollaron autoinmunidad sistémica o respuestas exacerbadas de T (H) 1 / T (H) 17.
La deficiencia de células iTreg condujo a una inflamación alérgica significativa de tipo T(H) 2 en el tracto gastrointestinal y los pulmones.
La ausencia de células iTreg alteró la composición de la microbiota intestinal.

Conclusiones:

Las células Treg derivadas del timo son suficientes para controlar la autoinmunidad sistémica.
Las células iTreg extratímicas juegan un papel crítico y distinto en la supresión de la inflamación alérgica de la mucosa y la modulación de la microbiota intestinal.
Comprender la función de las células iTreg es clave para abordar las enfermedades alérgicas y la disbiosis intestinal.

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