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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
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El desencadenamiento de un cambio de forma celular mediante la explotación de las contracciones de actomiosina

Minna Roh-Johnson1, Gidi Shemer, Christopher D Higgins

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

La constricción apical, crucial para el desarrollo, se desencadena al vincular los contactos celulares con la corteza de actomyosina, no por cambios en la tensión cortical. Este hallazgo aclara los cambios de forma celular durante la morfogénesis.

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A Cell-based Assay to Investigate Non-muscle Myosin II Contractility via the Folded-gastrulation Signaling Pathway in Drosophila S2R+ Cells
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The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
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Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

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The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La constricción apical impulsa eventos morfogenéticos clave como la gastrulación y el cierre del tubo neural.
  • Tradicionalmente se cree que se inicia por las contracciones de la red de actomiosina.
  • Comprender los desencadenantes precisos de la constricción apical es vital para la biología del desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los desencadenantes iniciales de la constricción apical.
  • Diferenciar entre los cambios de tensión cortical y la dinámica de contacto célula-célula en el inicio de la constricción apical.
  • Para dilucidar la relación espacio-temporal entre la actividad de la actomiosina y el cambio de forma celular.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio comparativo en Caenorhabditis elegans y Drosophila.
  • Observación de la dinámica de la red de actomiosina y la tensión cortical.
  • Análisis del comportamiento de la zona de contacto célula-célula apical.
  • Imágenes en vivo y mediciones biofísicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Las contracciones de actomyosina apical preceden a los cambios de forma celular observables en ambos organismos modelo.
  • Inicialmente, las redes de actomyosina se contraen dinámicamente, generando tensión cortical sin una reducción significativa del área de superficie apical.
  • Las zonas de contacto célula-célula apical y la actomyosina posteriormente se mueven juntas, sin alterar la dinámica de la actomyosina o la tensión cortical.

Conclusiones:

  • La constricción apical es iniciada por el enlace dinámico de los contactos célula-célula apical con una corteza de actomyosina ya contractila.
  • El desencadenante no es un cambio en la tensión cortical, sino el acoplamiento coordinado de las interfaces celulares.
  • Este mecanismo proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la regulación de la forma celular durante el desarrollo embrionario.