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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Principios reguladores modulares de los grandes ARN no codificantes.

Mitchell Guttman1, John L Rinn

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. mguttman@mit.edu

Nature
|February 17, 2012
PubMed
Resumen

Los grandes ARN no codificantes (ARNnc) tienen diversas funciones reguladoras más allá de la producción de proteínas. Estos grandes ncRNA pueden lograr especificidad mediante el ensamblaje modular de las interacciones de proteínas, ARN y ADN para la regulación genética compleja.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • ARN Biología Biología ARN

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las moléculas de ARN realizan diversas funciones más allá de las funciones de mensajero.
  • Los genomas de los mamíferos se transcriben extensamente, produciendo numerosas transcripciones de ARN no codificantes.
  • La funcionalidad de muchos ARN no codificantes grandes (ARNnc) es cada vez más reconocida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar estudios recientes sobre la diversidad funcional de los grandes ncRNAs.
  • Proponer un modelo emergente de cómo los grandes ncRNAs logran la especificidad regulatoria.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de la literatura de estudios recientes sobre los grandes ncRNAs.
  • Análisis de los mecanismos propuestos para la especificidad regulatoria.

Principales resultados:

  • Los grandes ncRNAs exhiben una diversidad funcional significativa.
  • Está surgiendo un modelo en el que los grandes ncRNA utilizan la modularidad para lograr la especificidad.
  • Esta modularidad implica el ensamblaje de combinaciones de interacciones de proteínas, ARN y ADN.

Conclusiones:

  • Los ARN no codificantes grandes son reguladores clave con diversos mecanismos.
  • La modularidad es un principio central para la regulación génica mediada por grandes ncRNA.
  • La investigación futura debe centrarse en las interacciones combinatorias de los grandes ncRNAs.